Design & development of customizable web API for interoperability of antimicrobial resistance data

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency. Complementary to developing new drugs, AMR can be monitored and controlled through cost-effective active surveillance of resistance. As an initiative to monitor resistance, countries all across the globe are collecting data using a variety of surveillance tools. Moreover, hospitals routinely collect the AMR data for treatment which is being stored in their Laboratory and Hospital Information systems (LIS-HIS). The generated clinical data is collected & stored in various formats, making it very difficult to analyze and generate national reports. To integrate the stored clinical data for predictive modeling and analysis, there is an immediate need for a one-stop data repository capable of importing and exporting data in simple data exchange formats (CSV/Excel). The paper highlights the design & development of i-DIA, a python-based web API to facilitate the interoperability of AMR data by automatically importing the bulk of medical data from CSV files into generic data management and analysis system. The i-DIA has been integrated and tested with the ICMR’s AMR surveillance network on in-house developed software, i-AMRSS. The i-AMRSS is presently collecting data from 31 laboratories across India and i-DIA has been used to import data generated from LIS & HIS of a few hospitals directly into the system. The paper also proposes the complete web-based framework (an extension of i-DIA) integrated with peer-to-peer system architecture.

Integrative Digital Tools to Strengthen Data Management for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in the “One Health” Domain in Nepal

“…The ICMR’s antimicrobial resistance surveillance system using integrative technologies (i-AMRIT) is a platform-independent, API-enabled standalone system that collects data from all labs across the country and sends lab-specific cumulative data to a single data repository. The entire system is currently being utilized to collect only human susceptibility testing data; however, it can be extended for AMR surveillance by utilizing the ‘One Health’ approach [ 1 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Strengthening the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in India Using Integrative Technologies

“…The described tools will ensure a seamless flow of information from various data sources and its dissemination to various stakeholders for formulating guidelines and policies on AM consumption. The detailed system architecture and brief literature survey for each tool is given and described in the independent papers of these tools ( 14 , 15 , 17 ). The Real-time analysis of data will ensure the impact of policies is communicated to the policy-makers so that necessary steps can be taken in the right direction.…”

“…The ICMR's Data import app ( i -DIA) ( 17 , 18 ) is a login based, browser independent web API. The i -DIA is a protected and configurable framework that includes the features for building the hospital-specific customized configuration files using the mapping API and sending the large LIS/HIS data from excel/CSV files to a one-stop AMR data repository.…”

“…This paper highlights the design and development of an ensemble of tools (as shown in Figure 1 ) for strengthening the surveillance of AMR in India using integrative technologies. As shown in Figure 1 , the i -AMRSS ( 14 – 16 ), i -DIA ( 17 , 18 ), and i -AMRIT ( 19 ) are three different tools of an advanced AMR surveillance system connected in the following way: (a) the i -AMRSS ( 14 – 16 ) is a web-based ICMR's antimicrobial resistance surveillance system collecting data (through the built-in integrated form) from tertiary care centers across the country and sending it to the one-stop AMR data repository; (b) the i -DIA ( 17 , 18 ) is a web-based API that simplifies AMR data interoperability by seamlessly importing the majority of LIS / HIS data from CSV files into a central one-stop AMR data repository; (c) the i -AMRIT ( 19 ) is a standalone ICMR's antimicrobial resistance surveillance system using integrative technologies, collecting data from all the labs (PHC's) across the country and sending the lab-specific cumulative data to the one-stop AMR data repository via i -DIA ( 17 , 18 ) web API.…”

Factors Influencing Clinicians’ Use of Hospital Information Systems for Infection Prevention and Control: Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Extended DeLone and McLean Model

“…In this study, infection prevention and control information systems (IPCISs) refer to systems involved in acquiring, providing, and processing hospital infection–related data by clinicians when participating in IPC tasks, including hospital infection monitoring systems, early warning systems, doctor workstation systems, electronic medical record systems, etc. Research on the application of IPCISs mainly involves automatic cluster alert systems [ 16 ], the hospital infection control automatic monitoring toolkit [ 11 , 17 , 18 ], antimicrobial resistance monitoring systems [ 6 , 19 , 20 ], clinical decision support systems [ 19 ], electronic hand hygiene monitoring information systems [ 21 , 22 ], etc. Nevertheless, evaluations of IPCISs primarily focus on the systems’ design and deployment scheme, and their objective efficiency [ 5 , 23 - 25 ].…”