Design and Development of a Near Isotropic Printed Arc Antenna for Direction of Arrival (DoA) Applications

Ali, Hafiz T.; Amin, Saifullah; Amin, Muhammad Bilal; Maqsood, Moazam; Maud, Abdur Rahman; Yusuf, Mohammed

doi:10.3390/electronics10070797

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In general, the patch antenna consists of a top layer (fed) and a bottom (ground) layer. The dimensions and shape of near-isotropic arc antenna followed the work by to [1]. As described in the publication, the dimensions of the antenna were adapted to the target frequency of 868 MHz.…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Omnidirectional antennas exhibit a direction-dependent transmission power, whereas isotropic antennas exhibit a direction-independent behavior. Isotropic antennas transmit and receive power in all directions, thus, the final orientation of the antennas has no influence onto transmission range [1]. For IoT applications in outdoor environments, the orientation of the IoT device might be dynamically (e.g., position determination of mobile objects).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive manufacturing of IoT housings with integrated electronics

Schmiedinger,

Ehrlenbach,

Schafferer

et al. 2023

MRS Advances

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is an established fabrication method for diverse applications. Due to the versatile manufacturing possibilities, AM provides totally new approaches in designing objects. An emphasis in the field of research was set to the development of unique materials for AM. Among them, conductive filaments were examined for applications in printed electronics. The combination of new materials and the innovative design approach offered by AM generates a comprehensive field of applications. Promising applications can be found on the “Internet of Things (IoT)” sector. The development of connected products includes physical and electronic components. Traditionally, the fabrication process of these products is linear, thus, the design and the fabrication of the physical components is separated from the electronic part. To overcome this separation, an AM approach can be applied in the fabrication of IoT devices. This additive multi-material fabrication approach enables the fabrication of mechanical and electric components in one fabrication process. To prove this fabrication approach, antennas for IoT devices consisting of a supportive element and a antenna element for signal transmission were designed. The antennas were fabricated by material extrusion combining non-conductive and conductive filaments. Two different antennas (patch and arc antenna) were designed focusing on one specific frequencies range: 868 MHz (LoRa). To compare the AM antenna, reference antennas have been fabricated by etching. Antennas were characterized by simulation and measuring the return loss of the fabricated specimen. Finally, the transmission of a payload was tested in a real-world scenario. The tested antennas were able to transmit a payload, however, the return loss differed between the different designs and fabrication approaches. Nevertheless, the additive multi-material fabrication process enables an integrated production approach which led to functional devices. In this sense, electronics and physical components are merged into a truly smart product. Based on the findings, further applications of the hybrid approach will be investigated e.g., signal traces, passive electrical components to further strengthen the extensive application possibilities of additive manufacturing. Graphical abstract

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Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of IoT housings with integrated electronics

Schmiedinger,

Ehrlenbach,

Schafferer

et al. 2023

MRS Advances

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“…Many antennas have recently been reported in the literature for spectrum sensing and cognitive radio applications [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Miniaturized Arc Shaped Near Isotropic Self-Complementary Antenna for Spectrum Sensing Applications

Qureshi

Basir

Subhan

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents the design of an arc-shaped near-isotropic self-complementary antenna for spectrum sensing application. An arc-shaped dipole with horizontal and vertical arms is used to achieve a near isotropic radiation pattern. The radiation pattern improved by adjusting the horizontal and vertical arm lengths. Simulated and experimental results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 146% (2.4–18.4 GHz) for VSWR ≤ 2 with a good radiation pattern. In order to quantify the antenna performance, antenna gain variation, bandwidth, efficiency, and size have been compared with previously reported designs. It is shown that the proposed arc-shaped antenna can achieve nearly isotropic radiation patterns with a maximum radiation efficiency of 92%. The isotropic performance of the antenna has been characterized by observing the radiation pattern and solid angle. The FR4 substrate is used as a dielectric with relative permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. (εr = 4.4, h = 1.6 mm) The simulated and measured results are in good comparison, and the proposed design is a suitable candidate for spectrum sensing.

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“…FDA has been receiving increasing attention due to its unique range and angular spatial focusing properties [11][12][13][14]. To optimize the FDA dot-shaped beampattern, rangeangle coupling in the FDA beampattern can be removed by using nonlinear array element spacing to break the periodicity of FDA [15] and by using a logarithmically increasing frequency offset [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beampattern Synthesis and Optimization for Frequency Diverse Arc Array Based on the Virtual Element

Huang

Tan

et al. 2023

Electronics

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With its special, arch-shaped array structure, a frequency diverse arc array (FDAA) can perform beam scanning in 360 degrees in azimuth and in arbitrary ranges by selectively activating array elements in different positions, utilizing array element phase compensation, and adopting a frequency offset design. In this paper, a beampattern synthesis and optimization method for FDDA using the virtual array element based on the geometric configuration of FDDA is proposed. First, the position of the virtual array element is determined by the direction of the target, and then activated array elements are selected. Afterwards, the frequency offset of each array element is set up on the equiphase surface to obtain the dot-shaped beampattern. Finally, amplitude weighting is introduced to suppress the increased sidelobe level of the dot-shaped beampattern, which is caused by inverse density weighting of the arch-shaped array structure. Simulation results validate the proposed method for beampattern synthesis and optimization in FDAA.

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Design and Development of a Near Isotropic Printed Arc Antenna for Direction of Arrival (DoA) Applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Additive manufacturing of IoT housings with integrated electronics

Additive manufacturing of IoT housings with integrated electronics

A Miniaturized Arc Shaped Near Isotropic Self-Complementary Antenna for Spectrum Sensing Applications

Beampattern Synthesis and Optimization for Frequency Diverse Arc Array Based on the Virtual Element

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