Design and Development of an Improved Palm Kernel Shelling Machine and Separator

Adejugbe, I. T.; Oyegunwa, O. A.; Iliya, D. D.; Aigbogun, J. O.; Oyelami, Adekunle Taofeek; Olusunle, S.O.O.

doi:10.9734/psij/2017/26627

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Three different sizes 14.5 mm, 22.15 mm and 29.43 mm of palm nuts were selected for the test while the feed rate was kept constant at 200 nuts per run at five machine speed of 970 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1450 rpm, 1750 rpm and 2430 rpm as shown in tabl1 and 2. The data collected were used to calculate the cracking efficiency, 𝜀 𝑐 , and quality performance efficiency, 𝑄 𝑝 in equations 1 and 2 according Adejugbe et al (2017). Descriptive analysis on SPSS was used and ANOVA at 5% level of significance were used to further analyze the result of the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other cracker is a centrifugal impact cracker that uses the principle of centrifugal force to flap the palm kernel nuts on the walls of the hopper. This method involves using a shock caused by an impact against hard objects to shear, crush and cut through the shell (Oyebanji et al, 2012;Jimoh and Olukunle, 2012;Asibeluo and Abu, 2015;Udo et al, 2015;Adejugbe et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Comparative Analysis of a Developed Swing Beater and Conventional Beater of a Palm Nut Cracking Machine

Okunola,

Olukunle,

Adetola

et al. 2023

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Based on high dependent of many processing company on palm kernel oil, high quality palm nut cracking machine is not only necessary but also important to revitalize the production of palm kernel in other to meup with ever increasing industrial demand. Different palm kernel beaters; Swing beater (SB) and the conventional type known as rigid beater (RB) of an existing palm kernel cracker were investigated using the moisture content (7, 17, 26% (db)), five different speeds (970, 1200, 1450,1750, 2430rpm) and three different average nut sizes (14.5, 22.15, 29.43mm) of palm kernel nut. Approximately, six thousand palm nuts of Tenera specie were collected, dried, cleaned and sorted to evaluate the machine. Result shows that, the maximum quality efficiency recorded for Swing beater was 89.5% at 17% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. Similarly, for the performance of rigid beater, the maximum quality efficiency of 71.5% was recorded at 26% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. The effect of nut size was however not significant on the quality efficiency however it was generally observed that quality efficiency increased with increase in the nuts size. The machine speed has a significant effect on the quality efficiency. Generally, the quality of the kernel recovered decreased as the machine speed decreased. Beater configuration has significant effect on the quality efficiency of the palm nut cracking machine at 5% significant level. Swing beater can be used instead of conventional beater (rigid beater) to crack palm nut for higher quality of whole kernel recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Analysis of a Developed Swing Beater and Conventional Beater of a Palm Nut Cracking Machine

Okunola,

Olukunle,

Adetola

et al. 2023

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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“…Antioxidant activity is high in sorghums having dark pericarp and pigmented testa. The antioxidant activity of sorghum may explain the reduced incidence of certain cancers in populations consuming sorghum" [1].…”

Section: Fig 1 the Various Forms Of Sorghummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India sorghum is known as jowar, cholam, or jonna, in West Africa as Guinea corn, and in China as kaoliang. Sorghum is especially valued in hot and arid regions for its resistance to drought and heat" [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Low-Cost Hammer Mill Machine for Food Processing

Adejugbe,

Olowonubi,

Olorunsola

et al. 2023

PSIJ

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This hammer mill was fabricated from locally sourced and available materials for grinding of large sized grain particles such as SORGHUM, maize, millet, guinea, etc. into small sizes enough to pass through the holes of the cylindrical sieve positioned beneath the hammer assembly. Hammer mills have enjoyed major use in the pulverization and/or grinding of granular objects or similar solid materials into smaller sizes or particles. Major parts of the Conventional hammer mills are shaft, free swinging hammers, sieve, hopper, electric motor, and discharge chute amongst other component parts. Functional hammer mills operated within the urban settlements in Nigeria are mostly imported and expensive to acquire by rural farmers thus the need to develop one that can be easily acquired by the rural farmers as well as ease of maintenance. The grinding process is achieved using a hammer in beating the material fed into fine particles; the fineness aimed depends on the beating operation that happens when the Hammers hit the grain particles across the inner walls of the grinding or crushing chamber. The final size of the ground sorghum is a product of the aperture size which ranges from 87µm to 2 mm. This particular design has its major focus on the analytical design of an improved compact hammer mill that employs a single-acting operation to pulverize, move and push out pulverized bulk material particles against gravity through a cyclone. This machine consists of some vital components like the loading hopper and tray, low and high-pressure throats, shaft, spacing discs, hammers, axial fan, gate, cyclone, electric motor, bearings and pulley. This fabricated hammer mill is compact, and cost-effective to produce, operate and maintain. Its commercial production and use will be a reprieve to rural farmers as well as promote local content technology in Nigeria. The economic evaluation of the machine revealed that the material worth of US$85.20 was used for its construction. Testing and performance evaluation carried out on the machine showed that the machine had a 98.4% crushing and grinding efficiency.

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“…"Winnowing is the natural removal of fine material from coarser sediment by wind or flowing water, analogous to the agricultural separation of wheat from chaff. Wind winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from chaff" [2]. "Wind winnowing is used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of a Sorghum Winnowing Machine

Oyegunwa, O. A.,

Adejugbe, I. T.,

Olorunsola, I. T.

et al. 2023

JERR

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The process of winnowing grains such as SORGHUM has been widely done manually in a lot of developing countries, such as Nigeria and this comes with a lot of stress and reduced output/productivity hence the need to develop a machine that will ease such burdens so that there is a better productivity and a reduced human effort in the winnowing process. As such, an electric-powered sorghum winnowing machine was designed and fabricated with locally sourced materials to ensure ease of maintenance and at no compromise to its efficiency and reliability. The machine component parts include the blower, hopper, feed gate, lever, and the machine frame. Sorghum sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a winnowing capacity of 530kg/hr and a winnowing efficiency of 96%. The fabricated winnowing machine performed well with high winnowing efficiency, reliability, and durability with an estimated cost of $450. It was also discovered that the cost of winnowing 1kg sorghum is highly encouraging. The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A performance evaluation was carried out on the machine and a cleaning efficiency of 96% was achieved.

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Design and Development of an Improved Palm Kernel Shelling Machine and Separator

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

The Comparative Analysis of a Developed Swing Beater and Conventional Beater of a Palm Nut Cracking Machine

The Comparative Analysis of a Developed Swing Beater and Conventional Beater of a Palm Nut Cracking Machine

Development of a Low-Cost Hammer Mill Machine for Food Processing

Design and Development of a Sorghum Winnowing Machine

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