Design and optimization of LNG vaporization cold energy comprehensive utilization system based on a novel intermediate fluid vaporizer

Yao, Shouguang; Shen, Xiaoyu; Yang, Zongming; Feng, Guozeng; Xiao, Min

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116785

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…PBP is an economic index that measures the overall economic performance and application significance of a system in units of time. It determines the expenditure capital recovery time of proposed system by calculating the ratio of the total depreciable capital (C TDC , $) and annual net cash inflow (ANCF, $ h À1 ), defined as [55] PBP ¼ C TDC ANCF (45) where, ANCF is the product of current electricity price 0.18 $ kWh À1 , net electricity generation, and annual operating time, C TDC is the sum of total direct permanent investment, contingencies, and contractor costs, and the specific formula can be found in the literature. [55] The actual equipment investment cost C 2022 used in the calculation is computed through the chemical plant cost index (CEPCI).…”

Section: Payback Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, for assessing the annual revenue of the proposed system generation, the total annual net income ATNI($ y −1 ) is introduced and calculated as follows. [ 45 ]

ATNI=7800(EP - {normalc}_{normalw} {)W}_{net}

where EP is the current electricity price, which is 50 $ GJ −1 . [ 45 ]…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 45 ]

ATNI=7800(EP - {normalc}_{normalw} {)W}_{net}

where EP is the current electricity price, which is 50 $ GJ −1 . [ 45 ]…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System‐Integrated Rankine Cycle and Brayton Cycle Utilizing the Liquified Natural Gas Cold Energy

et al. 2022

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In recent years, the efficient utilization of energy has become a hot issue in scientific research. Society needs sustainable development. Fossil energy will gradually withdraw from the stage of energy utilization in the future, and the significance of clean energy becomes increasingly prominent. Natural gas (NG) stands out for its superior characteristics among many clean energy sources. It is generally accepted as the cleanest fossil energy source in the world, [1] which has advantages of high calorific value and economic and environmental protection. NG emits very little greenhouse gas during the combustion process, and its application can greatly reduce the global greenhouse effect. NG is liquid state when stored and when in short distance transported, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is colorless, nontoxic, odorless and noncorrosive, and is 600 times the volume of NG. [2,3] The temperature is À162 °C at 101.325 kPa, LNG will be gasified to more than 25 °C before being transported to the gas user terminal, and the huge cold energy will be released simultaneously. Utilizing this part of energy rationally will produce excellent benefits.At present, LNG cold energy is mainly used as a cold source and applied to the combined power generation, refrigeration, and heating cycle engineering fields with thermal energy (industrial waste heat, solar energy, geothermal energy, etc.) together. In the past decade, there have been extensive in-depth researches conducted in this direction by many scholars. Lee et al. [4] designed and

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Section: Payback Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, for assessing the annual revenue of the proposed system generation, the total annual net income ATNI($ y −1 ) is introduced and calculated as follows. [ 45 ]

ATNI=7800(EP - {normalc}_{normalw} {)W}_{net}

where EP is the current electricity price, which is 50 $ GJ −1 . [ 45 ]…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System‐Integrated Rankine Cycle and Brayton Cycle Utilizing the Liquified Natural Gas Cold Energy

et al. 2022

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“…One advantage of using propane as the heat transfer fluid is the IFV. IFVs are compact shell-and-tube heat exchangers consisting of three parts: a condenser to release the latent heat of the intermediate fluid (IF) to LNG, an evaporator to vaporise the IF by a heat source and a gas heater to increase the temperature of NG to meet the customer requirements [26,27]. Normally, the condenser and evaporator of an IFV are in one large shell, while the gas heater is installed separately.…”

Section: Lng Cold Energy Utilisation Using Intermediate Fluid Vaporiser (Ifv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to Reduce the Electricity Cost of Data Centres

et al. 2021

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The Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission has reported that, from 2014 to 2018, Thailand’s internet usage has grown six-fold to 3.3 million terabytes per annum. This market trend highlights one of the policies of Thailand 4.0, with the aim of making Thailand a hub for information transfer in ASEAN. As a result, there will be a massive demand growth for data storage facilities in the near future. Data centres are regarded as the brain and heart of the digital industry and are essential for facilitating businesses in organising, processing, storing and disseminating large amounts of data. As the energy demand for equipment cooling contributes to over 37% of the total energy consumption, the data centres of the world’s leading companies, such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Facebook, are generally located in cold climate zones, such as Iceland, in order to reduce operating costs for cooling. Due to this reason, the possibility of data centres in Thailand is limited. Beneficially, PTTLNG, as the first liquified natural gas (LNG) terminal in Thailand, has processed the import, receiving, storage and regasification of LNG. The high abundance of cold energy inherently presented in LNG is normally lost to the surroundings during regasification. Presently, PTTLNG’s LNG receiving terminal utilises a heat exchanger with propane as an intermediate fluid to transfer cold energy from LNG to water. This cold energy, in the form of cold water, is then used in several projects within the LNG receiving terminal: (1) production of electricity via an organic Rankine cycle capacity of 5 MWh; (2) cooling the air inlet of gas turbine generators to increase the generator efficiency; (3) replacing refrigerant heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems within buildings; (4) development of winter plantations with precision agriculture to replace imported products. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential and future use for LNG cold energy by performing a thermodynamic and economic analysis of the use of LNG cold energy as a source to produce cold water at 7 °C, with the total cold energy of 27.77 to 34.15 MW or 7934 t to 9757 t of refrigeration depending on the target pressure of the natural gas to replace the conventional cooling system of data centres. This research has the potential to reduce the cooling operation costs of data centres by more than USD 9.87 million per annum as well as CO2 emissions by 34,772 t per annum. In an economic study, this research could lead to a payback period of 7 years with IRR 13% for the LNG receiving terminal and a payback period of 2.21 years with IRR 45% for digital companies.

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“…Some most relevant findings are discussed here. Yao et al [8] proposed a novel type intermediate fluid vaporizer with the LNG vaporization cold energy utilization and applied it to 9200TEU container LNG power ship. Different LNG vaporization parameters of the power ship's main and auxiliary engines, as well as requirements of shipping for desalination, cold storage, and air conditioning were comprehensively considered when designing this vaporizer.…”

Section: Description Of the State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined computational-experimental study of liquified natural gas vaporizers based on thermo-solid coupling

et al. 2021

Automot. Engine Technol.

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A vaporizer is a key component in a liquified natural gas (LNG) engine, whose heat dissipation capacity determines the reliability of LNG engines. In the present study, the heat dissipation performance of LNG vaporizers is investigated using numerical simulation by a thermal-solid coupling method. Simulation results were first compared with experimental data to validate the thermal-solid coupling method and a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results was achieved. The experimentally validated numerical method was then used to predict the heat dissipation performance of the LNG vaporizers. The simulation results show that the temperature of the vaporized natural gas at the outlet of the vaporizer is quite uniform, which is about 40 °C and high enough for the vaporizer to provide a stable gas supply to the LNG engine. A unique design of the vaporizer's coolant inlet can take advantage of coolant flows to enhance heat transfer in the engine cooling process, thereby promoting the heat exchange within the engine and increasing the heat exchange capacity of the LNG vaporizer.

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Design and optimization of LNG vaporization cold energy comprehensive utilization system based on a novel intermediate fluid vaporizer

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System‐Integrated Rankine Cycle and Brayton Cycle Utilizing the Liquified Natural Gas Cold Energy

Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System‐Integrated Rankine Cycle and Brayton Cycle Utilizing the Liquified Natural Gas Cold Energy

Utilising Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to Reduce the Electricity Cost of Data Centres

A combined computational-experimental study of liquified natural gas vaporizers based on thermo-solid coupling

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