As the number of the elderly population and the population dependency ratio increase year by year, the issue of old-age care has become the focus. However, due to the shortage of carers and the large-scale and expensive auxiliary equipment for the elderly, it is difficult to give thoughtful care to all the elderly. In view of the above background, this paper designs a set of intelligent nursing system for the elderly based on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which mainly includes sensor terminals and AI processing algorithms. Among them, the sensor terminal mainly includes two parts: video monitoring and human biological signal monitoring. For video surveillance signals, this paper uses scene event detection algorithm to detect abnormal events, so as to automatically perceive possible unexpected situations. For human biological signals, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse, the abnormal detection is carried out through data analysis and comparison with the normal index range. So, the possible problems in the physical state of the elderly can be judged in time. Through more comprehensive state monitoring and reliable algorithm processing, the system can effectively solve many hidden dangers in the current elderly care and provide a feasible solution for smart nursing.