Design and Programming of a Micro-Controller-Based Solar Tracking System

Jaafar, Saman S.; Mahmood, Farhad Muhsin

doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0674.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Figure 16: Change of Relatives Error in Power with TimeAccording to the previous studies, the experimental results and the simulation data by S. S. Jaafar et al[40], W. Batayneh et al[41] and B. A. Hamad et al[42] showed an 11-21% improvement in the tracking system vs. stationary case.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Influence of Micro-Controller-Based Single Axis Solar Tracker System on Solar Panel’s Performance: Case Study

Jaafar

Maarof

2022

NTU-JRE

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There is governmental, academic, and business interest in new emerging renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. In particular, how and how much it produces energy and the environmental impact of these sources. To highly benefit from renewable energies, new methods should be utilized. In this paper, the Microcontroller Arduino Uno board has been used and programmed by Arduino software to build a system as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). The system was created using a solar panel, two Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) have been used on the two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV), and a servo motor is connected to the Uno board. The tracking system is constructed to procure the data using the Microcontroller Uno board and specially designed mechanical base. Based on the extracted results, the influence of the SASTS on increasing the solar panel performance is more evident than the outcome Maximum Power Point (MPP) of MATLAB Simulink. Continuously, the SASTS searches for the sun and its position in the sky and puts the PV direct to the sun. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, it significantly increases the solar panel's performance and increases by 55.2% on average during the daytime.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Influence of Micro-Controller-Based Single Axis Solar Tracker System on Solar Panel’s Performance: Case Study

Jaafar

Maarof

2022

NTU-JRE

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“…Due to the change in the position of the sun over time, as shown in Figure ( 8) due to the path of the sun, which is sometimes called the arc of the day, which refers to a seasonal and daily path, it is called (the arc of the daily and seasonal path), because the sun moves 360 degrees from east to west every day with respect to Any fixed location on the surface of the Earth, and because of the Earth's tilt, there is a difference in the duration of seeing the sun during one day, which determines the hours of daylight, the most period in the summer, and the shortest period in the winter ) Jaafar A. Kadhum, (2018). In practice, this arc path was tracked by programming the system by determining the movement of the electric motors, during which the process of moving the lenses takes place during the day and during the four seasons to make according to the path shown in Figure ( 8) (Watmuff JH;Characters, 1977).…”

Section: Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Efficiency of the Solar Distillation Device Using Controlled, Concentrated Magnifying Lenses

2024

nano-ntp

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The study examines the efficiency of the solar distillation basin that operates on the principle of a thermal cooking mechanism, for a basin in standard dimensions (860 × 520 × 50), tilted to one side at an angle of 15º. The sun's rays were focused using a zoom lens with a diameter of 8 cm, with the sun's rays being tracked through a control system for the purpose of increase focusing it's at the specific location within the distillation basin. The control system consists of a low-cost electronic controller with accessories (direct current motors and structure with flexible joints) that allows the movement of parts to track the path of the sun's rays falling on the lens during the day and every day in the year after programming it by determining the movement path of the sun. After practical experiments with the distillation basin, which contains a control system that controls the location of the lens to focus rays into the basin for the four seasons of the year, with radiation intensity ranging between (0-980) w/m2. The results showed an increase in the amount of distilled water by 4% during the winter and 6% during the Spring and autumn, and 8% during the summer when compared with the same distillation basin but without the lens control system.

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“…The basis of the classic approach to solving cyber security issues prescribed in regulatory documents is the methodology of a systemic riskoriented approach to ensuring cyber security of the ISU [16,17]. From an ideological point of view, this methodology is close to recent years, and was called the cognitive modeling methodology, the essence of which is the construction and further analysis of fuzzy cognitive maps (Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, FCM) using the knowledge and experience of experts in the analyzed problem area [18,19,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Overview Of the Main Aspects Of The Theory Of Fuzzy Cognitiv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cyber Security Threats of the Printing Enterprise

Shepita,

Tupychak,

Shepita

2023

JCSANDM

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The topic of scientific works on the implementation of modern technologies and systems of automated management of the enterprise, its resources and technical means is analyzed, and the insufficient completeness of research on the features of the integrated approach to the design and deployment of innovative means of production order support. Based on the determined factors of the operation of the enterprise in the latest conditions of the fourth industrial revolution, directions for the formation of strategies for the introduction of the elements of Industry 4.0 in modern printing enterprises, as well as information protection systems, are determined with electronic document circulation. The mechanisms of decision of tasks of management informative risks considered in complex control system by printeries in the conditions of vagueness and at co-operation of elements of control system between itself. The necessity of using a web portal for the formation of printing orders is substantiate, the main components are define and the levels of access to them described. The paper examines the use of classic and gray fuzzy cognitive maps to solve the problem of cyber security risk assessment of the intelligent management system of a printing enterprise. It is demonstrate that the average estimate of local risk, which is formed using an ensemble of two heterogeneous fuzzy cognitive maps, decreases compared to the use of individual cognitive maps. In order tî better, highlight the results of the research, an example of the application of the proposed methodology for assessing the risks of ensuring the integrity of telemetric information in the industrial network of the intelligent technological process management system of a printing enterprise given, with the continuity of the technological process of manufacturing printing products. In addition to the classic FCM, the paradigms of two variants of the FCM extension were also use in the study, namely, the gray FCM, which used to solve the problem of assessing cyber security risks of intelligent management systems of printing enterprises. An analysis of the possibility of building FCM ensembles to increase the effectiveness of risk assessment using several options for formalizing the expert’s knowledge and experience performed. A fragment of the enterprise management system was consider and an analysis of possible directions of attacks on the printing enterprise by malicious software was perform. These are attacks such as replacing the executable files of server and ARM software, overwriting PLC projects during system operation, and refusing to service the equipment. Based on the formed list of attack vectors and the consequences of their implementation, the task of analyzing the risks of cyber security of a printing enterprise, taking into account the impact on the system of possible internal threats, was considered, using the cognitive modeling apparatus as a modeling tool. The scenario of cognitive modeling of the influence of an internal criminal who exploits the vulnerabilities of the software and hardware components of the control system using the given variants of FCM construction is considered. The average assessment of local risks, which formed using an ensemble of cognitive maps, is better from the point of view of dispersion of assessments of the state of target concepts than the use of individual FCMs. The spread of estimates of the state of ensemble concepts is smaller than the spread of estimates of their gray values using the GFCM, on average by 1.4–1.8 times, which indicates a decrease in the influence of the subjectivity factor on the results of risk assessment. The performed scenario modeling showed that the use of the specified means of protection and organizational measures allows reducing the assessment of local risks by 12–18%, which is a significant indicator. This technique allows obtaining a qualitative and quantitative assessment of risk indicators, taking into account the entire set of objective and subjective factors of uncertainty.

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Design and Programming of a Micro-Controller-Based Solar Tracking System

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of Micro-Controller-Based Single Axis Solar Tracker System on Solar Panel’s Performance: Case Study

Influence of Micro-Controller-Based Single Axis Solar Tracker System on Solar Panel’s Performance: Case Study

Increasing the Efficiency of the Solar Distillation Device Using Controlled, Concentrated Magnifying Lenses

Analysis of Cyber Security Threats of the Printing Enterprise

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