Design and SAR Analysis of Wearable Antenna on Various Parts of Human Body, Using Conventional and Artificial Ground Planes

Ali, Usman; Ullah, Sadiq; Khan, Jalal; Shafi, Muhammad; Kamal, Babar; Basir, Abdul; Flint, James A.; Seager, Rob

doi:10.5370/jeet.2017.12.1.317

Cited by 75 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EBG also restricts the value of SAR to a safe level and improves the antenna performance and efficiency in the vicinity of the body. Hence, the incorporation of EBG into wearable/flexible systems has been of benefit in many ways [63], [112].…”

Section: B Suppressing Of Surface Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Electromagnetic Band-Gap Integrated Wearable Antennas

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent advancement in the wireless technology has led to the advent of wearable antennas. These antennas are utilized for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) purposes such as healthcare, military sportive activities and identification systems. Compared to conventional antennas, wearable antennas operate in an environment which is in highly near proximity to the curved human body. Therefore, the wearable /flexible antenna performance parameters, including reflection coefficient, bandwidth, directivity, gain, radiation characteristic, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficiency are anticipated to be influenced by the coupling and absorption by the human body tissues. In addition, an electromagnetic bandgap structure is introduced in the wearable /flexible antenna designs to enable and give a high degree of isolation from the human body which also decreases the SAR dramatically. This paper reviews the stateof-the-art wearable/flexible antennas integrated with the electromagnetic band-gap structure on flexible materials concentrating on single and dual-band designs. Besides, it also highlights the challenges and considerations for an appropriate wearable/flexible antenna. INDEX TERMS Wearable/flexible antennas, EBG, AMC, metamaterials, metasurface, textile/fabric antennas, WBAN applications, ISM, SAR. I. INTRODUCTION Wearable devices are critical in the ICT field for on-body applications and the deployment of the Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks. They must be low-powered, small, and capable of connecting to a hub or gateway device to access the internet or the cloud. The goal of these devices is to enhance the quality of life by improving the functionality of clothing by combining fabrics and electronics. They are continually showing a vision of the future since they are The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim. going to be an essential part of daily clothing and serve as an intelligent personal assistant [1]-[3]. With the tremendous growth of wearable devices, academics, engineers, and researchers are concentrating on the investigation of ''Wireless Body Area Networks'' (WBAN) that link different electronic devices on the human body. The WBANs have a variety of applications in our daily lives. In the healthcare arena, they are applied to monitor a patient's serious health condition, such as a glucose monitoring system, capsule endoscopy, and blood pressure. Furthermore, they can be utilized in entertainment, military, business, and rescue operations, as well as incorporated into helmets, raincoats, shoes, jackets in emergency and rescue

show abstract

Section: B Suppressing Of Surface Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Electromagnetic Band-Gap Integrated Wearable Antennas

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The patch and the ground of the antenna are constructed using a 0.035-mm-thick copper [27] with an approximated conductivity of 1.18 × 105 S/m. The antenna substrate is a nonconductive material with 1.6mm thick FR-4 [28].…”

Section: Antenna Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of compact microstrip patch antenna for WBAN applications at ISM 2.4 GHz

Ali

Jeoti

Saeidi

et al. 2019

IJEECS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper introduces the design of compact microstrip patch antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications at ISM 2.4 GHz. The design consists of a radiating patch on one side of the substrate and a ground plane is located on the other side of the substrate. The antenna is fed through an inset transmission line and then loaded by two triangles, and shorting pins on both sides of the radiating patch to lengthen the path for current, as result it reduced the overall size. The dimensions of radiating patch antenna are 62 mm<em>× </em>43 mm <em>× </em>1.67 mm. By locating the proposed antenna On and Off body communication, it can maintain compact and stable far field radiation characteristics and negligible specific absorption rate (SAR). Furthermore, high efficiencies of about 53 % and 46% are obtained during off and on body, which is higher than recent similar works in the literature. The simulated results showed a good agreement with the measured results. Owing to the acceptable results, the proposed design can be a reliable candidate for WBAN applications at ISM band.

show abstract

“…chest or back) of human body is only presented. The 10 g averaging technique, specified by the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), is used for this analysis [17]. The chest is modeled using three different layers of tissues (2 mm thicker skin, 10 mm fat, and 28 mm muscle) as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sar Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-band switchable antenna for Wi-Fi, 3G Advanced, WiMAX, and WLAN wireless applications

Ullah

Ahmad

Khan

et al. 2018

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a hexa-band frequency reconfigurable planar antenna, printed on a 1.6 mm thicker FR 4 substrate and backed by a truncated ground plane. The given antenna operates in four different frequency modes, depending on the state of the two lumped element switches. The proposed antenna works at six frequencies, 2.10, 2.40, 3.35, 3.50, 5.28, and 5.97 GHz. These frequency bands are dedicated to useful wireless applications, including 3G Advanced (2.10 GHz), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (2.40 GHz), WiMAX (3.35 GHz), WiMAX (3.5 GHz), WLAN (5.28 GHz) and fixed-satellite and mobile satellite services (5.97 GHz). Satisfactory gain of 1.96, 2.20, 2.671, 2.81, 3.80, and 3.88 dBi, efficiency of 92.5, 94.5, 94.56, 95.0, 93.8, and 97.0% and bandwidth of 332, 485, 1020, 1080, 512, and 465 MHz has been obtained at 2.10, 2.40, 3.35, 3.50, 5.28, and 5.97 GHz, respectively. The modeling and simulations are conducted in CST MWS (2014). The simulated reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are validated in antenna measurement facility. In addition, the specific absorption rate of the antenna on a flat section of human body is also studied. The antenna is compact, low profile, and vastly suitable for multi-band wireless devices.

show abstract

Design and SAR Analysis of Wearable Antenna on Various Parts of Human Body, Using Conventional and Artificial Ground Planes

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

An Overview of Electromagnetic Band-Gap Integrated Wearable Antennas

An Overview of Electromagnetic Band-Gap Integrated Wearable Antennas

Design of compact microstrip patch antenna for WBAN applications at ISM 2.4 GHz

A multi-band switchable antenna for Wi-Fi, 3G Advanced, WiMAX, and WLAN wireless applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About