“…Research on designing UWB antennas for through-wall detection systems is expanding, with the Vivaldi antenna being the preferred choice due to its small size, high gain, wide bandwidth, high directivity, low side lobes, and end-fire radiation [11], [12], making it a suitable solution for such applications. In 1979, Gibson [13] came up with the Vivaldi antenna, named after the famous violin composer Antonio Vivaldi.…”