Design Aspects of Solid State Fermentation as Applied to Microbial Bioprocessing

Abstract

Solid state fermentation (SSF) refers to the microbial fermentation, which takes place in the absence or near absence of free water, thus being close to the natural environment to which the selected micro organisms, especially fungi, are naturally adapted. SSF has been used in the world for a long time. This technology is commonly known in the East, for traditional manufacture of fermented foods, and in the west, for mould-ripened cheese. It can be defined as a system, in which the growth of selected microorganism(s) occurs on solid materials with low moisture contents and has been identified as a potentially important methodology and technique in biotechnology. Nowadays, SSF is an economically viable, practically acceptable technology for large-scale bioconversion and biodegradation processes. Development of sustainable SSF and bioprocess technology is an emerging, multidisciplinary field with possible application to the production of enzymes, chemicals, bioethanol and pharmaceuticals. SSF offers many advantages over conventional submerged fermentation (SMF) such as, simple and inexpensive substrates, elimination of the need for solubilisation of nutrient from within solid substrates, elimination of the need for rigorous control of many parameters during fermentation, product yields are mostly higher, lower energy requirements, produce less waste water, no foam generation and relatively easy recovery of end products. SSF provides flexibility in terms of the raw materials to be used and their capability to produce various value-added products. Keywords:

Fungal cellulases: production by solid-state cultivation in packed-bed bioreactor using solid agro-industrial by-products as substrates and application for hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse

“…In addition, there is also heterogeneity of the solid substrate in the bioreactor to consider. All these parameters are relevant and interfere with optimal physiological conditions for the mycelia mode microorganism growth, as well as it physiological capability of metabolite (enzyme) production (Manan & Webb, 2017). So, some variation on enzyme yield during SSC might be expected, especially in a long vertical PBB experiment.…”

Effect of growth conditions on β-glucosidase production by local isolate of Aspergillus niger using rice bran substrate

“…There are several fermentation conditions on SSF process affecting cellulase production, i.e. carbon and nitrogen sources of production medium and physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, pH, temperature, incubation time, particle size, and aerations (Polyanna et al 2011;Manan and Webb 2017).…”

A Review of Bio-Processing of Market Crop Waste to Poultry Feed in Uganda

“…Thus representing potential solution to feeding livestock animals and birds in developing countries (Parmar et al, 2019). The low-tech and simplicity involved in SSF make it a better bio-processing method over others (Webb and Manan, 2017). This makes it possible for many farmers (both on large and small scale) to process the feeds on-farm.…”

“…This is fairly due to limited research on the growth kinetics of microbes responsible for altering a particular crop waste into the required nutrient rich feeds. Growth kinetics of the microbes are important because for success of SSF, several factors like water activity, pH, temperature, aeration, solid support to be used, type of micro-organism, type of fermenter/reactor and substrate to be used have to be considered (Sadh et al, 2018;Webb & Manan, 2017).…”