Design considerations relating to non-thermal aspects of passive 2-phase immersion cooling

Tuma, Phillip E.

doi:10.1109/stherm.2011.5767224

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hydrofluoroether (HFE) fluids have a high affinity for oils from certain rubber and plastic materials. These contaminants have been shown to decrease the two-phase performance of the fluid; however, treatment with activated carbon can restore the fluid to its original cleanliness and performance [29]. Hence, a carbon filter (12011 Carbon Capsule, Pall) is added to the flow loop to remove oils and plasticizers from the fluid between tests.…”

Section: Flow Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local two-phase heat transfer from arrays of confined and submerged impinging jets

Rau

Garimella

2013

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tLocal heat transfer distributions at high spatial resolution are obtained under two-phase transport conditions in confined and submerged impingement from arrays of miniature jets. The dielectric liquid HFE-7100 is investigated to enable direct cooling of electronic components. Three round orifice geometries with the same total orifice open area are investigated, including a single orifice of 3.75 mm diameter, a 3 Â 3 array of 1.25 mm diameter orifices, and a 5 Â 5 array of 0.75 mm diameter orifices. A thin-foil heat source backed by a magnesium-fluoride window is fabricated to allow detailed mapping of the heated surface temperature via infrared (IR) thermography. The rigorous experimental calibration procedures employed, and correction for heat spreading within the thermally conductive IR-transparent window, yield low-uncertainty local heat transfer coefficient distributions. Each of the three orifice geometries is characterized at volumetric flow rates of 450 ml/min, 900 ml/min, and 1800 ml/min, resulting in a Reynolds number range of 1920-39400. Pressure drop across the confined jets is measured for all experimental cases. The test facility and measurement techniques employed are validated against heat transfer and pressure drop correlations in the literature for single-phase jet impingement from a single round orifice. Spatially resolved temperature contour maps, along with local heat transfer coefficient and boiling curves, are presented as a function of applied heat flux. Boiling is shown to coexist with single-phase convection under the impinging liquid jets. Two-phase enhancement is exhibited at large radial distances from the single jet axis, and in regions between neighboring jets within the arrays. The arrays of jets result in higher area-averaged heat transfer than a single jet at a fixed flow rate; however, the arrays display larger relative nonuniformity in local two-phase heat transfer coefficient and surface temperature. While the 5 Â 5 array resulted in a higher (and the 3 Â 3 a lower) pressure drop than the single jet, all orifices displayed pressure drop that is independent of the applied heat flux and vapor generation.

show abstract

Section: Flow Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local two-phase heat transfer from arrays of confined and submerged impinging jets

Rau

Garimella

2013

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fully immersed free convective cooling (for example, the Rugged POD [284] ) 4. Phase change cooling (for example using low boiling point liquids produced by 3M [285,286,287,288])…”

Section: Overview Of Data Center Cooling Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy aware ultrascale systems

Oleksiak

Lefèvre

Alonso

et al. 2019

Ultrascale Computing Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

show abstract

“…The SPPDG did run into a few hurdles, related to water contamination and deposits of oil from cable materials, along the way. These hurdles were documented in Design Considerations Relating to Non-Thermal Aspects of Passive 2-Phase Immersion Cooling (Tuma 2011).…”

Section: Mayo Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion Cooling of Electronics in DoD Installations

Coles

Herrlin

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A considerable amount of energy is consumed to cool electronic equipment in data centers. A method for substantially reducing the energy needed for this cooling was demonstrated. The method involves immersing electronic equipment in a non-conductive liquid that changes phase from a liquid to a gas. The liquid used was 3M Novec 649. Two-phase immersion cooling using this liquid is not viable at this time. The primary obstacles are IT equipment failures and costs. However, the demonstrated technology met the performance objectives for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction. Before commercialization of this technology can occur, a root cause analysis of the failures should be completed, and the design changes proven. We acknowledge the support of Russ Stacy (SGI) for his work on the baseline (Base Case) and pilot testing setup and data collection. In addition, thanks go to Cheng Lao also from SGI, for his guidance on the application and operation of benchmarking software. We are grateful to Xindi Cai (Schneider-Electric) for thermal controls design and programming. Many thanks to Vali Sorell (Syska Hennessy Group) and Steve Greenberg (LBNL) for technical guidance and development of simulation assumptions.

show abstract

Design considerations relating to non-thermal aspects of passive 2-phase immersion cooling

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Local two-phase heat transfer from arrays of confined and submerged impinging jets

Local two-phase heat transfer from arrays of confined and submerged impinging jets

Energy aware ultrascale systems

Immersion Cooling of Electronics in DoD Installations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About