Design, Construction and Start Up by Air Liquide of Two 18 kW at 4.5 K Helium Refrigerators for the New CERN Accelerator : LHC

Dauguet, P.; Briend, P.; Delcayre, F.; Ghisolfi, A.; Gistau-Baguer, G. M.; Guerin, C.; Hilbert, B.; Marot, G.; Monneret, E.

doi:10.1063/1.1774676

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The 18 kW refrigerator was officially accepted in March 2002 after a rather long (2 years) installation and commissioning period to reach specified performance and functionalities [1]. It has been in operation since then, stopping only for a two month winter shut down period for maintenance and consolidation.…”

Section: Operation Of the New 18 Kw Refrigeratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new 18 kW at 4.5 K refrigerator, part of the refrigeration system for the LHC and installed in Point 18 [1], has been integrated to the existing cryogenic infrastructure in the SM18 building [2,3] to provide the necessary cooling and gas recovery for the largest cryogenic test facility at CERN, hereafter called Zone 18. During the LHC construction, this area has been and will be used for magnet cryostating and testing as well as for testing different equipments like the RF-cavity modules, the String experiment [4], prototype HTS current leads [5] and the 1.8 K refrigeration units [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large Cryogenic Infrastructure for LHC Superconducting Magnet and Cryogenic Component Tests: Layout, Commissioning and Operational Experience

Calzas¹,

Chanat²,

Knoops³

et al. 2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The largest cryogenic test facility at CERN, located at Zone 18, is used to validate and to test all main components working at cryogenic temperature in the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) before final installation in the machine tunnel. In total about 1300 main dipoles, 400 main quadrupoles, 5 RF-modules, eight 1.8 K refrigeration units will be tested in the coming years. The test facility has been improved and upgraded over the last few years and the first 18 kW refrigerator for the LHC machine has been added to boost the cryogenic capacity for the area via a 25,000 liter liquid helium dewar. The existing 6 kW refrigerator, used for the LHC Test String experiments, will also be employed to commission LHC cryogenic components. We report on the design and layout of the test facility as well as the commissioning and the first 10,000 hours operational experience of the test facility and the 18 kW LHC refrigerator. ABSTRACTThe largest cryogenic test facility at CERN, located at Zone 18, is used to validate and to test all main components working at cryogenic temperature in the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) before final installation in the machine tunnel. In total about 1300 main dipoles, 400 main quadrupoles, 5 RF-modules, eight 1.8 K refrigeration units will be tested in the coming years.The test facility has been improved and upgraded over the last few years and the first 18 kW refrigerator for the LHC machine has been added to boost the cryogenic capacity for the area via a 25,000 liter liquid helium dewar. The existing 6 kW refrigerator, used for the LHC Test String experiments, will also be employed to commission LHC cryogenic components.We report on the design and layout of the test facility as well as the commissioning and the first 10,000 hours operational experience of the test facility and the 18 kW LHC refrigerator.

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Section: Operation Of the New 18 Kw Refrigeratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Cryogenic Infrastructure for LHC Superconducting Magnet and Cryogenic Component Tests: Layout, Commissioning and Operational Experience

Calzas¹,

Chanat²,

Knoops³

et al. 2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Cryogenic Technology

Weisend¹

2012

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This chapter surveys aspects of cryogenic technology used in industry and research. Topics covered include: properties of cryogeinc fluids, cryogenic properties of materials, refrigeration techniques, equipment for cryogenics, cryostats and insulation systems, helium cryogenics and safety. A significant amount of material is presented on the application of cryogenics to the air separation and chemical engineering fields. A bibliography and an extensive reference list is provided to allow for further reading on this topic.

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Cryogenic Engineering

Weisend

2015

Mechanical Engineers' Handbook

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Cryogenic engineering involves the technology required to both produce and maintain extremely low temperatures. It takes into account the unique properties of fluids and materials at cryogenic temperatures as well as the specific techniques required to operate safely and efficiently at these temperatures. Cryogenic engineering is broad based, using aspects of mechanical, electrical, chemical, and other engineering disciplines. Cryogenic fluids, or cryogens, may be defined as those whose boiling temperature at 1 bar (normal boiling point) is less than 120 K. Good cryogenic engineering practice includes never using materials at cryogenic temperatures unless their behavior at those temperatures is well understood and never extrapolating room temperature properties down to cryogenic temperatures. Cryogenic engineering at sub‐Kelvin temperatures poses a number of challenges. In particular, the heat capacities and available cooling at these temperatures is so small that even microwatt‐scale heat leaks can result in unacceptable temperature rises.

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Design, Construction and Start Up by Air Liquide of Two 18 kW at 4.5 K Helium Refrigerators for the New CERN Accelerator : LHC

Cited by 7 publications

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Large Cryogenic Infrastructure for LHC Superconducting Magnet and Cryogenic Component Tests: Layout, Commissioning and Operational Experience

Large Cryogenic Infrastructure for LHC Superconducting Magnet and Cryogenic Component Tests: Layout, Commissioning and Operational Experience

Cryogenic Technology

Cryogenic Engineering

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