“…So far, there have been several studies in the area of communication of emotion from both human and robot body movements (Walk & Homan, 1984;Sogon & Masutani, 1989;Ayama et al, 1996;Dittrich et al, 1996;Brownlow et al, 1997;Shibata & Inooka, 1998;Pollick et al, 2001). Moreover, several impressive robots that can express emotions have been developed (Lim et al, 1999;Kobayashi et al, 2001;Breazeal, 2002;Breazeal, 2003;Itoh et al, 2004;Ishiguro, 2005;Oh et al, 2006). However, besides the WBD-2, there is no humanoid robot that can express emotions using spine motions.…”