Design of Anion Exchange Membranes and Electrodialysis Studies for Water Desalination

Khan, Muhammad Imran; Luque, Rafael; Akhtar, Shahnaz; Shaheen, Abida; Mehmood, Ashfaq; Idress, Sidra; Buzdar, Saeed Ahmad; Rehman, Aziz ur

doi:10.3390/ma9050365

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Using a AgNO 3 solution with K 2 CrO 4 indicator, the AEM/ Na 2 SO 4 solution is titrated until the K 2 CrO 4 endpoint, which indicates when all the chlorides have been precipitated and now Ag 2 CrO 4 forms. The resulting IEC calculated by the Mohr method is [110,114]:…”

Section: Ion Exchange Capacity (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

2018

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This review highlights advancements made in anion exchange membrane (AEM) head groups, polymer structures and membrane synthesis methods. Limitations of current analytical techniques for characterizing AEMs are also discussed. AEM research is primarily driven by the need to develop suitable AEMs for the high-pH and high-temperature environments in anion exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis applications. AEM head groups can be broadly classified as nitrogen based (e.g. quaternary ammonium), nitrogen free (e.g. phosphonium) and metal cations (e.g. ruthenium). Metal cation head groups show great promise for AEM due to their high stability and high valency. Through ''rational polymer architecture'', it is possible to synthesize AEMs with ion channels and improved chemical stability. Heterogeneous membranes using porous supports or inorganic nanoparticles show great promise due to the ability to tune membrane characteristics based on the ratio of polymer to porou2s support or nanoparticles. Future research should investigate consolidating advancements in AEM head groups with an optimized polymer structure in heterogeneous membranes to bring together the valuable characteristics gained from using head groups with improved chemical stability, with the benefits of a polymer structure with ion channels and improved membrane properties from using a porous support or nanoparticles. AbbreviationsAAEM Alkaline anion exchange membrane AEM Anion exchange membrane AEMFC Anion exchange membrane fuel cell AEMWE Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis CEM Cation exchange membrane DSC Differential scanning calorimetry IEC Ion exchange capacity (mmol/g) IEM Ion exchange membrane PEMFC Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Section: Ion Exchange Capacity (Iec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the synthesis and characterization of anion exchange membranes

2018

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“…The linear expansion ratio (LER) was measured using 2 × 2 cm 2 membrane pieces at 25 °C. The LER is calculated with the following equation [5,13,14,15]:

normalLER = \frac{false(L_{WET} - L_{normalDRY} false)}{L_{DRY}} \times 100 %

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

et al. 2017

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To reduce the environmental impact of acids present in various industrial wastes, improved and robust anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are highly desired. Moreover, they should exhibit high retention of salts, fast acid permeation and they should be able to operate with low energy input. In this work, AEMs are prepared using a facile solution-casting from brominated poly-(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) and increasing amounts of 2-phenylimidazole (PI). Neither quaternary ammonium salts, nor ionic liquids and silica-containing compounds are involved in the synthesis. The prepared membranes showed an ion exchange capacity of 1.1–1.8 mmol/g, a water uptake of 22%–47%, a linear expansion ratio of 1%–6% and a tensile strength of 0.83–10.20 MPa. These membranes have potential for recovering waste acid via diffusion dialysis, as the acid dialysis coefficient (UH) at room temperature for HCl is in the range of 0.006–0.018 m/h while the separation factor (S) is in the range of 16–28, which are higher than commercial DF-120B membranes (UH = 0.004 m/h, S = 24).

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“…The main objective of ED process is removal of salts from aqueous solution by passing an aqueous solution through an ion exchange membrane ( Figure 2) [4]. The cell is divided into compartments by placing anion and cation exchange membrane between two electrodes acting a cathode and anode.…”

Section: Working Principle Of Ed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%