Design of compensation battery for tidal power‐photovoltaics‐SOFC microgrids in Ternate and Pulau‐Tidore Islands

Abstract

Summary Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can supply backup power for a remote island microgrid that generates power from tidal energy, photovoltaics (PV), and wind turbines. Since SOFCs need high temperature operation, though, the possible output adjustments are relatively slow. Therefore, SOFC with renewable energy requires the electricity compensation by a storage battery. This paper reports the analysis results using MATLAB/Simulink 2016b simulations of a microgrid with tidal energy, photovoltaics, and SOFC generators. The dynamic characteristics of the modeled SOFC are estimated from experimental tests of a product in Japan, and the suitable battery capacity for such a microgrid is determined. Furthermore, proposed system stores surplus electricity using a hydrogen energy carrier, energy supply can be carried out only in renewable energy. The remote tropical islands of Ternate and Pulau‐Tidore served as a case study area for the proposed microgrid. Proposed microgrid for a remote island was modeled using MATLAB/Simulink 2016b. The simulations clarified the suitable combination of tidal power generation, PV, and SOFC capacity assuming a maximum load. The required capacity of a Li‐ion storage battery in the example case of Indonesia's remote Ternate and Pulau‐Tidore Island needs to be 3.2% of the maximum hourly load if the maximum load on the microgrid is 1200 kW.

Sintering kinetics and microstructure analysis of composite mixed ionic and electronic conducting electrodes

“…3 In addition, traditional tubular or box section design is commonly used which results in low volumetric power density. For small equipment like residential micro-CHP (combined heat and power) and auxiliary power units, there is a trend to reduce the operating temperature from about 800 to 1000 C to an intermediate temperature (IT) range of 500 to 750 C. 4,5 However, the traditional electrode materials are not suitable for IT-SOFC operation due to their high polarization loss in the IT range. The mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) materials such as La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 (LSCF) are ideal electrode materials for the IT-SOFC due to their excellent oxygen reduction reaction activities.…”