Design of metamaterial-based compact and highly sensitive microwave liquid sensor

Kayal, Sanchita; Shaw, Tarakeswar; Mitra, Debasis

doi:10.1007/s00339-019-3186-4

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is due to sensors designed at high frequencies having a large absolute variation of the notch frequency with respect to the dielectric constant. The normalized sensitivity can be found from [ 10 , 12 , 18 , 23 , 80 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]:

where

is the resonance frequency of the empty sensor,

is the resonance frequency of the loaded sample,

is the dielectric constant of the loaded sample and

is the normalized sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussion and Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important key restrict factor is the limited measurement applications based on microwave planar resonators. Most of the researchers focused on the liquid materials’ detection along with their binary mixtures or concentrations [ 82 , 95 , 118 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 ], while others focused on certain applications such as solid material detection [ 93 , 137 , 138 ], aqueous glucose detection [ 10 , 83 , 134 , 139 ] and food detection [ 74 ]. Therefore, there is the desire for novel sensors that could be applied in various measurement applications and offer an enhanced performance with lower production cost.…”

Section: Discussion and Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To develop a mathematical sensing model for the sensor, the measurements of the resonance frequency and the peak attenuation, which are related to complex permittivity (real and imaginary parts), are required based on a binary mixture of aqueous solutions [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The measurements of the binary mixture are firstly used for calibration in order to determine the properties of the tested mixture of liquid materials in terms of the complex permittivity (

+ j

).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelling For Complex Permittivity Extractiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of using this model is that the tolerances of the fabricated device are fully taken into account. The curve fitting of the nonlinear least squares will be used to derive an equation that describes the behaviour response of the change in the resonance frequency and peak attenuation with respect to the change of the complex permittivity as follows [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]:

where

and

, with subscript

for the sample and

for the reference mixture. The values for

and

in the matrix are determined as

and

, respectively.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelling For Complex Permittivity Extractiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This review shows the recent development of various studies and examples of applications of microwave planar sensors in material characterization. It includes the mathematical models for complex permittivity extraction [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], sensing application examples of microwave sensors [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Alahnomi

Zakaria

Yussof

et al. 2021

Sensors

108

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Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors’ normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications.

show abstract

where

is the resonance frequency of the empty sensor,

is the resonance frequency of the loaded sample,

is the dielectric constant of the loaded sample and

is the normalized sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussion and Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Research Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

+ j

).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelling For Complex Permittivity Extractiomentioning

confidence: 99%

where

and

, with subscript

for the sample and

for the reference mixture. The values for

and

in the matrix are determined as

and

, respectively.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelling For Complex Permittivity Extractiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Alahnomi

Zakaria

Yussof

et al. 2021

Sensors

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Research on the characteristics and equivalent circuits of left‐handed materials with the same manifestation

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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Two new types of heterogeneous left-handed materials (LHM) are presented in this article. By combining the split resonant ring structure with the S-shaped structure, a single-sided printed heterogeneous type I LHM is designed; By rotating and combining the designed heterogeneous type I LHM, the heterogeneous type II LHM are formed. After electromagnetic simulation and S-parameter extraction, it is confirmed that the heterogeneous type I LHM and the heterogeneous type II LHM have negative refraction characteristics at 1.8-2.3 and 2.5-3.2 GHz, respectively. After loading on the dipole antenna, the resonant frequency of the dipole antenna is reduced from 2.45 to 1.68 GHz, that is, loading heterogeneous type I and heterogeneous type II LHM can realize the miniaturization of the dipole antenna, which is 29.7% smaller than the previous design in terms of size reduction.

show abstract

Metamaterial-based High-Performance Radar Absorbing Structure

Nilotpal¹,

Bhattacharyya

2022

Metamaterials Science and Technology

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Design of metamaterial-based compact and highly sensitive microwave liquid sensor

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Research on the characteristics and equivalent circuits of left‐handed materials with the same manifestation

Metamaterial-based High-Performance Radar Absorbing Structure

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