Design of novel models for optical communication with ultra-high non-linearity, birefringence and low loss profile

Abstract

This study proposes two tellurite-based PCFs whose are OSOC-PCF (Octa-Spiral with Octagonal Cladding PCF) and DSHC-PCF (Dodeca-Spiral with Hexagonal Cladding PCF) designs with higher nonlinearity and higher birefringence. Result comparisons of proposed PCFs are mentioned and demonstrated in this research study. By applying the finite element method with the assistance of COMSOL Multiphysics, we have investigated and simulated guiding properties like nonlinear coefficient, birefringence, dispersion, bending effect, confinement loss, power fraction, effective material loss. Comparing both designs, the highest nonlinearity is gained by OSOC-PCF reaches up to 7333 W −1 Km −1 around 1.55 μm of wavelength and obtained birefringence of 5.85×10 −2 wherein, a slight confinement loss occurs. The alluded PCFs possess an upstanding structure that associates operating an easy fabrication process. The convenience of propounded PCFs has plenty of purposes in polarization maintenance, optical communication, faster data communication, and super-continuum generation.

Tellurite-filled hexa-circular-shaped PCF with highly nonlinearity, birefringent and near-zero dispersion profile for optical communications

“…The RI of fused silica and tellurite can be quantified by operating the Sellmeier expression [44,43]. The mathematical statement is as follows [27]:…”

“…Notably, material dispersion holds an infinitesimal influence on total dispersion. Thus, total dispersion is roughly identical to waveguide dispersion, which can be quantified as follows [27]:…”

“…Besides, most recently, another group of researchers documented two tellurite-filled PCFs, where the authors sequentially obtained a considerably high NLC and Br of 7333 𝑊 −1 𝐾𝑚 −1 and 5.85 × 10 −2 at the active optical wavelength of 1550 𝑛𝑚 in their octa-spiral with octagonal PCF. Notably, their modeled fiber is comprised of perplexed geometrical architecture, which makes its fabrication procedures relatively challenging [27]. Further, in another research investigation, Ahmed et al employed 2 sorts of air holes (elliptical and circular) in their modeled PCF architecture to investigate multiple optical traits.…”

“…It is obvious from the above-alluded literature review that plenty of exciting base materials have been practiced in recent years to fine-tune the modal attributes of PCFs, involving fused silica [20,[28][29][30], graphene [31][32], GaP [33][34], tellurite [24][25]27], chalcogenide [38], Si 7 N 3 [19], GaAs [35], ZBLAN [36], TOPAS [39][40][41][42], As 2 S 3 and As 2 S 5 [37], etc. Particularly, among the substances enumerated above, fused silica is regarded as the most continually operated base material.…”

“…Further, operating this glass has a number of other notable benefits, involving an outstanding chemical permanence, digestion resistance, greater nonlinear RI coefficient and infinitesimal cut-off phonon energies of around 600 − 800 𝑐𝑚 −1 . Conclusively, an approximated temperature of 800°𝐶 − 900°𝐶 is capable of melting the tellurite glasses, which may subsequently be developed through the casting or ejection procedures [27,55]. All of the above-alluded exciting traits have sparked a lot of interest and consideration.…”