Abstract:The design of a wideband circular-slot antenna for RF signal harvesting is reported in this work. The proposed design frequency range accommodates the leading contributors to the available RF signals accessible by the RFEH node. These widely utilized frequency bands comprise GSM1800, UMTS2100, Wi-Fi2.450, and LTE2600. The antenna geometry comprises circular-ring radiating component filled with two orbital circular and rectangular slots. At the bottom plane, a pair of rectangular and semirectangular-circle slit… Show more
“…However, it’s worth noting that they also exhibit limitations, including narrow bandwidth and low gain as highlighted by Patil and Gahankari [ 42 ]. To address these challenges and improve the capabilities of harvesting power on a broader scale, efforts have been directed towards the development of multi and wideband RAs and transforming the conventional into distinct geometrical configurations, such as, slotted [ 50 , 51 ], fractal [ 52 , 53 ], meandered lines [ 54 , 55 ] and circularly polarized [ 56 , 57 ] as shown in Fig. 3 .…”
Section: Receiving Antenna Of An Rfehmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 3 Miniaturized geometries and results of various RAs developed for RFEH: a and b slotted wideband antennas [ 50 , 51 ], licensed under creative commons & Copyright (2018), with permission from Elsevier; c and d fractal wide and multiband antennas [ 52 , 53 ], reproduced courtesy of The Electromagnetics Academy; e and f meandered lines wide and multiband antennas [ 54 , 55 ], Copyright (2018 & 2016), with permission from Elsevier; g and h circular polarized ultra-wideband antennas [ 56 , 57 ], licensed under creative commons & Copyright (2023), with permission from Elsevier …”
The power consumption of portable gadgets, implantable medical devices (IMDs) and wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) has reduced significantly with the ongoing progression in low-power electronics and the swift advancement in nano and microfabrication. Energy harvesting techniques that extract and convert ambient energy into electrical power have been favored to operate such low-power devices as an alternative to batteries. Due to the expanded availability of radio frequency (RF) energy residue in the surroundings, radio frequency energy harvesters (RFEHs) for low-power devices have garnered notable attention in recent times. This work establishes a review study of RFEHs developed for the utilization of low-power devices. From the modest single band to the complex multiband circuitry, the work reviews state of the art of required circuitry for RFEH that contains a receiving antenna, impedance matching circuit, and an AC-DC rectifier. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages associated with various circuit architectures are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, the reported receiving antenna, impedance matching circuit, and an AC-DC rectifier are also compared to draw conclusions towards their implementations in RFEHs for sensors and biomedical devices applications.
“…However, it’s worth noting that they also exhibit limitations, including narrow bandwidth and low gain as highlighted by Patil and Gahankari [ 42 ]. To address these challenges and improve the capabilities of harvesting power on a broader scale, efforts have been directed towards the development of multi and wideband RAs and transforming the conventional into distinct geometrical configurations, such as, slotted [ 50 , 51 ], fractal [ 52 , 53 ], meandered lines [ 54 , 55 ] and circularly polarized [ 56 , 57 ] as shown in Fig. 3 .…”
Section: Receiving Antenna Of An Rfehmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 3 Miniaturized geometries and results of various RAs developed for RFEH: a and b slotted wideband antennas [ 50 , 51 ], licensed under creative commons & Copyright (2018), with permission from Elsevier; c and d fractal wide and multiband antennas [ 52 , 53 ], reproduced courtesy of The Electromagnetics Academy; e and f meandered lines wide and multiband antennas [ 54 , 55 ], Copyright (2018 & 2016), with permission from Elsevier; g and h circular polarized ultra-wideband antennas [ 56 , 57 ], licensed under creative commons & Copyright (2023), with permission from Elsevier …”
The power consumption of portable gadgets, implantable medical devices (IMDs) and wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) has reduced significantly with the ongoing progression in low-power electronics and the swift advancement in nano and microfabrication. Energy harvesting techniques that extract and convert ambient energy into electrical power have been favored to operate such low-power devices as an alternative to batteries. Due to the expanded availability of radio frequency (RF) energy residue in the surroundings, radio frequency energy harvesters (RFEHs) for low-power devices have garnered notable attention in recent times. This work establishes a review study of RFEHs developed for the utilization of low-power devices. From the modest single band to the complex multiband circuitry, the work reviews state of the art of required circuitry for RFEH that contains a receiving antenna, impedance matching circuit, and an AC-DC rectifier. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages associated with various circuit architectures are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, the reported receiving antenna, impedance matching circuit, and an AC-DC rectifier are also compared to draw conclusions towards their implementations in RFEHs for sensors and biomedical devices applications.
“…In order to balance the trade-offs [7], microwave antennas are the top-most priority. They are classified as dipole antennas [18][19][20][21], monopole antennas [22][23][24][25], loop antennas [26][27][28][29], slot antennas [30][31][32][33], microstrip antennas [34][35][36][37], Vivaldi antennas [38][39][40][41], and DRAs [42][43][44][45]. Further, the classification is divided into helical antennas [46][47][48][49], Yagi-Uda antennas [50][51][52][53], and log-periodic antennas [54][55][56][57].…”
Section: Reconfigurable Antennas and Their Usage In Rf Energy Harvest...mentioning
Due to the widespread use of low-power embedded devices in both industrial and consumer applications, research into the use of alternate energy sources has been sparked by the requirement for continuous power. Due to its accessibility and ability to be implanted, RF energy is always taken into consideration among the traditional energy sources that are currently available. There is a significant necessity for efficient RF front-ends, which must provide effective circular polarization (CP) features, effectiveness, feasibility from a design standpoint, and optimal usage of ambient RF signals accessible in the environment. So, for understanding their utilization in RF energy harvesting, a metasurface reflector-inspired CP-printed reconfigurable antenna integrated with a Greinacher voltage divider (GVD) rectifier circuit is reported. It offers broadband CP with fractional bandwidth > 25%, CP gain > 8.35 dBic, and directional radiation with the 3 dB angular beamwidth > 100° in the 3.5/5 GHz bands. With the integration of the rectifier circuit, a theoretical DC output > 4.8 V at 12 dBm is obtained. The acceptable impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, antenna gain, antenna efficiency, and directional radiation with a 3 dB angular beamwidth value are studied and subsequently matched with the trade-offs (usage of diodes, complexity of DC biasing circuits, and attainment of polarization reconfigurability) obtained from the state of the art. A comprehensive study of the reconfigurable antennas is reported to highlight the findings as a widespread solution for these limitations in RF energy harvesting application.
“…The developed prototype demonstrated the capability to harvest 0.678 V from a −20 dBm input, achieving a maximum efficiency of 52%. Similarly, a circular patch antenna featuring two circular and rectangular slots was developed for RFEH [17]. This antenna presented an optimal choice for RFEH, boasting a wide bandwidth of 1590 MHz, a high gain of 2.81 dBi, and a compact size.…”
Recently, there has been an increasing fascination for employing radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting techniques to energize various low-power devices by harnessing the ambient RF energy in the surroundings. This work outlines a novel advancement in RF energy harvesting (RFEH) technology, intending to power portable gadgets with minimal operating power demands. A high-gain receiver microstrip patch antenna was designed and tested to capture ambient RF residue, operating at 2450 MHz. Similarly, a two-stage Dickson voltage booster was developed and employed with the RFEH to transform the received RF signals into useful DC voltage signals. Additionally, an LC series circuit was utilized to ensure impedance matching between the antenna and rectifier, facilitating the extraction of maximum power from the developed prototype. The findings indicate that the developed rectifier attained a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 64% when operating at an input power level of 0 dBm. During experimentation, the voltage booster demonstrated its capability to rectify a minimum input AC signal of only 50 mV, yielding a corresponding 180 mV output DC signal. Moreover, the maximum power of 4.60 µW was achieved when subjected to an input AC signal of 1500 mV with a load resistance of 470 kΩ. Finally, the devised RFEH was also tested in an open environment, receiving signals from Wi-Fi modems positioned at varying distances for evaluation.
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