Design Theory and Separations in Preparative-Scale Continous-Flow Annular-Bed Electropheresis

Mechanistic description and experimental studies of electrochromatography of proteins

“…Electrochromatography (EC) is a form of gradient liquid chromatography in which an electric potential is applied to columns packed with gel-filtration media (Hybarger et al, 1963;Vermeulen et al, 1971;Salak and Roch, 1972;Luzzio, 1975;O'Farrell, 1985;Scott, 1986;Tsuda, 1987;Rudge et al, 1993). The method of Rudge et al (1993) and Ivory (1988) combines gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography to resolve biomacromolecules on the basis of molecular weights and electrophoretic mobilities.…”

“…Mathematical models for electrokinetic systems in literature describe heat-transfer effects (Vermeulen et al, 1971;Lynch and Saville, 1981;Datta et al, 1986;Yoshisato et al, 1986;Ivory and Gobie, 1990;Raj and Hunter, 1991). This article presents a modified electrochromatography system that minimizes Joule heating at electric field strengths up to 125 V/cm by heat dissipation through a cooling jacket (6°C) and use of a cooled, low ionic strength eluting buffer.…”

Particle Deposition at a Charged Solid/Liquid Interface

“…The relationship between~-potential and electrophoretic mobility is long established: in the case of small Ka (but >0.1), the use of the Debye-Huckel approximation yields the following expression for spheres However, many systems of interest in particle-collector interactions do not correspond exactly to either of these two limiting cases, and it is necessary to assume that the external field (that is deformed by the presence of the colloidal particle) and the field of the double layer are additive. Consequently, Henry [65] derived the following expression for the mobility E( iatJ1 i atJ1 ) U E = -~+ 5a 5 -dr -20 3 -dr 11 00 ,0 00 r 4 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) where r is the radial distance from the centre of the particle. Combining the Debye-Huckel approximation with Eq.…”

“…Combining the Debye-Huckel approximation with Eq. (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and integrating yields the so-called Henry equation…”

“…The different apparatus and various features that have since been introduced have been reviewed by Pruzik [8]. The major limitation to increased throughput in both the early Philpot and the "thin-film" continuous flow electrophoretic separators is natural convection generated as an indirect result of Joule heating, a problem which has since been addressed in a number of papers [9][10][11][12][13][14]. By 1966 Philpot [15] had solved many of the problems in his earlier design by applying an electric field across the annulus formed between the inner cylinder (which was fixed and formed the cathode) and the outer cylinder (which rotated and formed the anode) to generate a velocity gradient in the annulus.…”