Along with the intensification of global competition and the complexity of manufacturing products, the cooperation among enterprises becomes more closely, and the range of quality control extends from internal to the external enterprises. To the demand of product quality control among enterprises, based on holon theory, the product quality control holonic structure for extended enterprises is constructed by the similarity characteristic of quality control function in extended enterprises. In the structure, the autonomy and cooperative quality control holon are established by the analysis of cooperation operation among holons, and the structure can complete vertical and lateral complex cooperation in internal and external cooperation among quality control holons to improve the ability and efficiency of product quality control. The implementation framework of the product quality control holonic structure is constructed by multi-agent system. Based on the negotiation mechanism of multi-agent, the implementation framework can be developed to realize the quality control for extended enterprises. Finally, the implementation framework can be demonstrated and validated the proposed idea by Flexsim software. It shows that the product quality control holonic structure for extended enterprises can satisfy the agility, distribution, and robustness requirements the quality control among enterprises.