Designing Artificial Cognitive Architectures: Brain Inspired or Biologically Inspired?

Abstract

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were devised as a tool for Artificial Intelligence design implementations. However, it was soon became obvious that they are unable to fulfill their duties. The fully autonomous way of ANNs working, precluded from any human intervention or supervision, deprived of any theoretical underpinning, leads to a strange state of affairs, when ANN designers cannot explain why and how they achieve their amazing and remarkable results. Therefore, contemporary Artificial Intelligence R&D looks more like a Modern Alchemy enterprise rather than a respected scientific or technological undertaking. On the other hand, modern biological science posits that intelligence can be distinguished not only in human brains. Intelligence today is considered as a fundamental property of each and every living being. Therefore, lower simplified forms of natural intelligence are more suitable for investigation and further replication in artificial cognitive architectures.

Brain Science, Brain-inspired Artificial Intelligence, and Applications in Business and Management

“…The human brain was treated as a specific model for brain-inspired decision-making [20,21,22]. Machine learning, combinations of specific areas (psychology, brain functions, and technology), and technical indicators were used to present a complete picture of the tools associated with brain-inspired decision-making [21,23,24]. Japan has a consistent global technology research foundation and by looking at the fuzzy sets implementation in Japan, one can see they are far ahead of the competition on decision-making schemas [16,25].…”

“…Japan has a consistent global technology research foundation and by looking at the fuzzy sets implementation in Japan, one can see they are far ahead of the competition on decision-making schemas [16,25]. Numerous international countries are participating in brain-inspired decision-making to improve life in their country [23,26].…”