“…With the steady development of animal husbandry, standardized feeding pattern has been gradually realized, and animal welfare and health attract more attention. Feed intake is an important indicator reflecting the growth performance and health of animals, which is affected by many variables such as enclosure design (including feeding apparatus and drinking water equipment and so on), physiological state, and environment ( Dorminey et al, 1972 ; Garner et al, 2012 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Putri et al, 2022 ). Among these factors, the effects of appropriate feed trough parameters on animal growth, behavior, and welfare cannot be ignored.…”