Designing Multimodal Informative Sensing with an Exosome-Mediated Signal Coupling Transduction Strategy Based on a Single-Stimulus Multiresponse Recognition Interface

Abstract

Given that exosomes released from cancer cells carry various tumor-specific proteins on their surface, they have emerged as a source of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, developing accurate and reliable assays to detect exosomes in the early stages of disease with low abundance and complex systems remains challenging. Here, the prepared PDIG film has the ability to sense multiple signals from a single stimulus, in which the presence of cobalt(II) chloride and deep eutectic solvents (DES) endows PDIG with thermochromic and thermosensitive properties. Concretely, the PDIG served as the recognition interface in series with a bipolar electrode (BPE) that exhibits a highly sensitive color and conductivity response to temperature stimuli triggered by the light-harvesting probe TiO 2 @CNOs introduced via proximity hybridization assay triggering a rolling circle amplification strategy, resulting in the output of colorimetric, photoacoustic, and electrochemiluminescent signals for the detection of colorectal cancer exosomes. This work is expected to provide a new direction for exploring the multisignal amplification strategy of BPE, broaden the application of BPE in biological analysis, and provide new insights for developing highly informationsensing elements to ensure the multimodal coupling for cancer-specific exosome detection.

Increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting exosomes as biomarkers for cancer monitoring using optical nanobiosensors

“…The PDIG generated colorimetric, photoacoustic, and electrochemiluminescent signals, which were utilized to detect EXOs associated with CRC. It is anticipated that this research will pave the way for further investigation into the multisignal amplification strategy of BPE, expand the utilization of BPE in biological analysis, and offer fresh perspectives on the development of exceptionally information-sensitive components that guarantee multimodal coupling for the detection of cancer-specific EXOs [ 215 ]. An additional investigation devised a SERS immunoassay to detect ExoPD-L1 with exceptional sensitivity.…”

“… [ 214 ] Colorimetric sensing TiO 2 @CNOs Colorectal cancer - The PDIG served as the recognition interface in series with a bipolar electrode (BPE) that exhibits a susceptible color and conductivity response to temperature stimuli triggered by the light-harvesting probe TiO 2 @CNOs introduced via proximity hybridization assay triggering a rolling circle amplification strategy, resulting in the output of colorimetric, photoacoustic, and electrochemiluminescent signals for the detection of colorectal cancer EXOs. [ 215 ] SERS Ti3C2TX Breast cancer 20.74 particles/µL This work provides new insights into the design of biosensors for EXO detection. It can serve as a replicable template for sandwich immunoassay detection for other types of sensors, including but not limited to SERS.…”