Detached leaf inoculation assay for evaluating resistance to the spinach downy mildew pathogen

Bhattarai, Gehendra; Feng, Chunda; Dhillon, Braham; Shi, Ainong; Villarroel-Zeballos, Maria I.; Klosterman, Steven J.; Correll, James C.

doi:10.1007/s10658-020-02096-5

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Genetic characterization of the available resistance sources and the identification of tightly linked markers allow adopting a marker-based selection system to develop new cultivars. Traditional screening and selection methods based on evaluating the whole plants are labor-intensive, P. effusa being an obligate biotroph requires living tissue for sporangia production, and the downy mildew phenotyping requires environment-controlled facilities [ 12 ]. Identifying markers and adopting marker assisted selection (MAS) would expedite and ease the selection of downy mildew resistant spinach lines, and the marker based selection would be more efficient in terms of cost and resource needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A leaf was excised and stored for DNA extraction from each labeled seedlings before inoculation. The remaining plants were inoculated following the routine whole plant inoculation method [ 5 , 6 , 12 , 24 ]. Briefly, the inoculum was increased on a susceptible cultivar Viroflay every week, and the fresh inoculum was used to inoculate the spinach population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A standardized set of differential cultivars is used to differentiate P. effusa races. The International Working Group on Peronospora (IWGP) coordinates the efforts to denominate new races for isolates showing novel and consistent virulences among the participating P. effusa race-typing labs [ 12 ]. The continuous emergence of new P. effusa races is a severe threat to the spinach industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution mapping and candidate gene identification of downy mildew race 16 resistance in spinach

et al. 2021

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Background Downy mildew, the most devastating disease of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), is caused by the oomycete Peronospora effusa [=P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae]. The P. effusa shows race specificities to the resistant host and comprises 19 reported races and many novel isolates. Sixteen new P. effusa races were identified during the past three decades, and the new pathogen races are continually overcoming the genetic resistances used in commercial cultivars. A spinach breeding population derived from the cross between cultivars Whale and Lazio was inoculated with P. effusa race 16 in an environment-controlled facility; disease response was recorded and genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The main objective of this study was to identify resistance-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the cultivar Whale against the P. effusa race 16. Results Association analysis conducted using GBS markers identified six significant SNPs (S3_658,306, S3_692697, S3_1050601, S3_1227787, S3_1227802, S3_1231197). The downy mildew resistance locus from cultivar Whale was mapped to a 0.57 Mb region on chromosome 3, including four disease resistance candidate genes (Spo12736, Spo12784, Spo12908, and Spo12821) within 2.69–11.28 Kb of the peak SNP. Conclusions Genomewide association analysis approach was used to map the P. effusa race 16 resistance loci and identify associated SNP markers and the candidate genes. The results from this study could be valuable in understanding the genetic basis of downy mildew resistance, and the SNP marker will be useful in spinach breeding to select resistant lines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution mapping and candidate gene identification of downy mildew race 16 resistance in spinach

et al. 2021

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“…The RPF1 locus location was narrowed down to $0.37-1.12 Mb region, with three candidate genes potentially controlling the resistance (She et al, 2018). Multi-parent cross populations screened with race 13 of P. effusa identified resistance-associated SNP markers located within 0.39-1.20 Mb of chromosome 3 containing the three RPF resistance loci (Bhattarai et al, 2020a). An association analysis performed on another population identified six SNP markers on chromosome 3 to be located within 0.66-1.23 Mb, providing resistance against race 16 of P. effusa (Bhattarai, 2019;Bhattarai et al, 2021b).…”

Section: B Mapped Genes and Qtlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding plant disease resistance, genetic research has focused primarily on DM, the disease that causes the largest economic losses in spinach production. Markers linked to DM resistance genes suitable for MAS have been reported (Irish et al, 2008;Feng et al, 2018a;Bhattarai et al, 2020a), and assays developed using these markers would be preferred by breeding programs compared with the currently used labor-intensive disease screening (Feng et al, 2014;Bhattarai et al, 2020c). Current commercial spinach cultivars are mostly hybrids produced from true monoecious lines (Yamamoto et al, 2014;Janick, 2015).…”

Section: Marker-assisted Selection and Genomic Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics and Marker-Assisted Improvement of Vegetable Crops

Šimko

Jia

Venkatesh

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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Vegetables are an integral part of the human diet worldwide. Traditional breeding approaches have been used extensively to develop new cultivars of vegetables with desirable characteristics, including resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, high yield, and an elevated content of compounds beneficial to human health. The technological progress since the early 1980s has revolutionized our ability to study and manipulate genetic variation in crop plants. The development of high-throughput sequencing platforms and accompanying analytical methods have led to sequencing and assembly of a large number of plant genomes, construction of dense and ultra-dense molecular linkage maps, identification of structural variants, and application of molecular markers in breeding programs. Linkage mapping and genome-wide association mapping studies have been used to identify chromosomal locations of genes and QTLs associated with plant phenotypic variations important for crop improvement. This review provides up-to-date information on the status of genomics and marker-assisted improvement of vegetable crops with the focus on tomato, pepper, eggplant, lettuce, spinach, cucumber, and chicory. For each vegetable crop, we present the most recent information on genetic resources, mapping populations, genetic maps, genome sequences, mapped genes and QTLs, the status of marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, and discuss future research prospects and application of novel techniques and approaches.

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Effect of ozone sterilization on controlling leaf mildew and gray mold tomato disease in a glasshouse and its influence on other growth parameters

Li,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDIn order to explore the effect of ozone sterilization treatment on tomato disease control and increase fruit setting rate, this study took 906 pink fruit tomato as test material, used a small ozone generator to carry out ozone treatment single‐factor test, and then selected orthogonal table to guide the ozone treatment combination. The effects of different ozone treatment concentration, ozone treatment duration and ozone treatment times on the growth, disease and fruit setting rate of potted tomato were analyzed.RESULTSDifferent ozone treatment had effects on leaf mildew, gray mold and fruit setting rate of tomato. The influence degree of three factors on leaf mildew, gray mold and fruit setting rate was from large to small, a > b > c, a > c > b, b > a > c. A quadratic regression model was established with the control effect of tomato leaf mildew, gray mold and fruit setting rate as response values, and the optimal parameter combination was determined: The ozone treatment concentration was 0.0465 g kg−1, the ozone treatment time was 30 min, and the ozone treatment times were twice a week. In this case, the control efficiency of tomato leaf mildew was 95.02%, the control effect of gray mold was 99.49%, and the fruit setting rate was 76.5%. The test parameters were accurate and reliable.CONCLUSIONThe ozone sterilization method proposed in this article is safe and green, and can provide theoretical support for the recovery and reconstruction of tomato disease in a glasshouse. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Detached leaf inoculation assay for evaluating resistance to the spinach downy mildew pathogen

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

High resolution mapping and candidate gene identification of downy mildew race 16 resistance in spinach

High resolution mapping and candidate gene identification of downy mildew race 16 resistance in spinach

Genomics and Marker-Assisted Improvement of Vegetable Crops

Effect of ozone sterilization on controlling leaf mildew and gray mold tomato disease in a glasshouse and its influence on other growth parameters

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