“…In contrast to other coating techniques, such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ion beam assisted deposition, pulsed vacuum arc deposition (PVAD) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], electroplating, electrochemical or electrophoresis deposition [ 15 , 16 ], EP required neither complicated, expensive equipment nor sophisticated operation. This method has been developed to fabricate large-area, uniform and reproducible substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”