Detection and evolution of disaster sources in high slopes of open-pit mines based on time-lapse high-density electricity method

Abstract

High and steep slopes in open pit mines used for ore production require careful monitoring to ensure stability and safeguard lives, property, and social welfare. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of hazard sources within these slopes is crucial for effective slope management. This article presents a novel approach to identify the evolution of hazard sources within slopes by utilizing the derivative of normalized inversion data versus time as a characteristic feature. To analyze the evolution of hazard sources, raw apparent resistivity data collected at different times are processed using smoothing and wavelet denoising algorithms to reduce noise. Geological constraints are then applied to the collected data through the parametric region method. The least squares method is employed for independent inversion, and the inversion results are standardized. Subsequently, the standardized inversion results are used to derive the derivative of resistivity versus time equation, which reveals the evolution of hazard sources within the slope. A case study is conducted on a large open pit rocky slope to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate the successful reduction of noise through the smoothing and wavelet threshold denoising algorithms, effectively suppressing interference caused by acquisition equipment and environmental electromagnetic noise. The application of the parametric region method with geological constraints highlights the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of hazard sources within the slope. The findings indicate varying degrees of evolution of hazard sources within the slope, with significant changes observed mainly in the shallow part influenced by water erosion and blasting vibration. Areas with lithological stability show minimal changes, while original hazard source areas have evolved to different extents, distinguishable based on the size and sparsity of contour values. By combining inversion data analysis, noise reduction techniques, and geological constraints, the proposed approach provides valuable insights into the evolution of hazard sources within slopes. This information can aid in the development of effective slope management strategies in open pit mines, contributing to enhanced safety and protection of valuable assets.