Detection and monitoring of Drosophila suzukii in raspberry and cherry orchards with volatile organic compounds in the USA and Europe

Abstract

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) causes significant economic loss in fruit crops to growers worldwide. There is immediate need for efficacious and selective monitoring tools that can detect infestations early. Previously, volatile organic compounds derived from apple were studied and a quinary chemical component blend (QB) was identified as the key SWD attractant in a blueberry orchard in the United States. This study’s aim was to determine whether previously observed QB efficacy, selectivity, and early detection levels could be attained within raspberry and cherry fields in the USA and Europe. Results demonstrated that sticky trap baited QB dispenser provided earlier SWD detection potential than the usually adopted apple cider vinegar (ACV) trap. The number of SWD captured/trap by QB baited trapping systems was significantly lower than that of the ACV trap. However, percent SWD/trap of QB baited traps was same within cherry. Lower non-target capture will save farmer/grower’s labor and time allocated to traps installation and drosophila species identification. Within the USA, SWD selectivity of QB baited liquid traps was consistently greater than sticky trap in raspberry field, suggesting that the QB dispenser can be an alternative to the standard ACV lure and that trap design could improve selectivity further.

Drosophila melanogaster Chemosensory Pathways as Potential Targets to Curb the Insect Menace

“…The human filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti, and arboviruses spread through the bites of Culex mosquitoes [25] and Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito), account for many cases of dengue globally [25,26]. As regards crop pests, the facts are disturbing; for example, the spotted wing Drosophila suzukii, an invasive global insect pest, causes huge crop loss by destroying fresh, ripened small fruits and tree fruits at large scale [27][28][29][30].…”

Mass Trapping Drosophila suzukii, What Would It Take? A Two-Year Field Study on Trap Interference

“…Additionally, the attraction to volatiles produced by symbiont micro-organisms of D. suzukii [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] and host plant/fruit volatiles has been investigated for the development of D. suzukii lures [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The identified attractive chemicals have been tested by adding them to known baits [ 24 , 34 ] or fruit juices [ 51 ] or have been applied in controlled release dispensers [ 24 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The design of the traps is also well studied, considering visual cues, such as colour [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ] and shape [ 20 , 28 , 60 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] as well as fly retention mechanisms [ 21 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”