“…While JDE is an old problem and has been studied before, it has received increasing attention in recent years and efforts have been made to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks (see, e.g., [3], [10], [27]), especially for target inference (see, e.g., [1], [4]- [8], [11]- [17], [21]- [24], [26], [28]). In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to JDE based on a novel Bayes risk as a generalization of those for decision and estimation, respectively.…”