Detection and quantification of mast cell, vascular endothelial growth factor, and microvessel density in human inflammatory periapical cysts and granulomas

Abstract

The highest number of MCs was observed in cysts. Moreover, the identification of VEGF and MVD was consistent with the immune mechanisms involved in the lesions.

Analysis of tryptase‐positive mast cells and immunoexpression of MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 in periapical lesions

“…), these divergences between results may be attributed mainly to differences in morphometric analysis and in the sample size used in each study (Fonseca‐Silva et al . ). Furthermore, the dynamics of periapical diseases and episodes of acute exacerbation may also explain the variability in the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate and the consequent differences between the results reported (Costa Neto et al .…”

Bioinformatics, Interaction Network Analysis, and Neural Networks to Characterize Gene Expression of Radicular Cyst and Periapical Granuloma

“…Interestingly, there is a discrepancy related to the sample sizes of studies that consider only radiographic examination (8,11) and studies with tissue sample analyses (2,4,5,(12)(13)(14)(15). The reduction of ICAL specimens for analyses can represent important bias to elucidate ICAL pathology (16).…”

“…As in several diseases, ICAL has been related to many forms of controlling gene expression (4,5,(17)(18)(19). However, most of these studies focused on isolated genes or metabolic pathways.…”

“…It has been accepted that the bacterial presence/colonization of the root canal space is the main etiologic factor of ICALs (2,3). Moreover, host responses such as inflammation (4), angiogenesis (5), and, consequently, bone resorption (1) could modify the severity and prognoses of ICALs. Differential diagnosis among all ICALs is possible only with histopathological examination (6).…”

Immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions

“…2,31,33 Particularly noteworthy is that expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 may depend on the secretion of other proteins, such as cytokines, growth factors, transcriptional factors, other matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). 2,3,4,5,6,31,32,33,34,35,36 Experiments using MMP-9 knockout mice 14 evidenced that these animals exhibited larger periapical lesions with greater inflammation, indicating a central participation of MMP-9 in the development of periapical lesions. The presence of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions denotes their important role in the maintenance, development and exacerbation of chronic processes, 5,14,34,35 although further studies are needed to evaluate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of these lesions.…”