Detection of Colony Adhesion Factors and Genetic Background of Adhesion Genes Among Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated in Iraq

Abstract

Escherichia coli remain significant problem caused urinary tract infection; Results indicated a higher urinary tract infection in women compared with men across all age groups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that majority of uropathogenic isolated E. coli belong to phylogroup B2 followed by D. The isolates showed the existence of the first type of fimbriae, maximum P fimbriae positive isolates 74/94 (80.43%) were widely correlating with common UTI. colony adhesion factor (CAFÐ) represented in 40 (43.47%) and 5 (5.43%) colony adhesion factor (CAFØ). Six major clusters (A-F) were identified depending on antibiograms typing. B2 is the most phylogenetic type showed wide range of resistant from 1 to 12 resistant to antibiotic of remaining strains. 14 isolates (15.21%) were detected as ESâLs producers and 30 isolates (32.60%) of them were AmpC b-lactamases producers. prevalence of virulent genes occurred in 51 papC (55.43%), 66 fim H (71.73%) and SfaDE detected in low occurrence 21(22.82). These results emphasize the low or moderate resistant to antibiotics focused in isolates with high genetic content .These results indicated that the greater the resistance to antibiotics the less the genetic expression of the virulence factors, this confirms the reverse relationship. The genes required for uropathogenicity in a single isolate may not reflect virulence in another isolate. Pathogenicity is a multi-factor characteristic, the result of adhesion-related genes which interact in separate set in various genetic backgrounds.

Outbreak of drug resistance Escherichia coli phylogenetic F group associated urinary tract infection

“…On the other hand, the phenicol, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline groups recorded the lowest rates of resistance. These results are consistent with the results of others ( 1 , 23 , 30 ), which documented low resistance ratios while respecting the difference in ratios. Personal and repeated use of medicines without consulting a doctor or random use of antibiotics, low-cost and lack of health awareness may be a reason for increased antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics.…”

“…Sulfonamides and the fluoroquinolone achieved a high resistance rate among the isolates. These results were similar to the results of another study in Iraq, with different percentages ( 1 , 23 , 30 ). On the other hand, the phenicol, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline groups recorded the lowest rates of resistance.…”

“…This enables the potential for resistance acquisition across gastrointestinal related isolates ( 2 , 31 , 32 ). β-lactamase typically breakdown the β-lactam rings, enhance the proximity of the antibody to the specified location (PBPs), or modify the membrane structure ( 23 , 24 , 31 , 32 ). These results suggested that these antibiotics were no longer useful as first-line therapy for UTIs with these bacteria, or that they could be retrained as useful medicine when combined with another group, resulting in a broader spectrum of activity against E. coli.…”

Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

“…The active surveillance and constant preventive efforts to control MDR infections and associated diseases can improve healthcare facilities and the socio-economic status of patients [ 375 ]. Specifically, MDR E. coli is predominantly associated with urinary tract infections in pregnancy [ 54 , 61 , 102 ]. The emergence of multi drug-resistant Candida albicans is prevalent among pregnant and non-pregnant women with vaginitis [ 299 ].…”