Detection of Ethanol Concentration in Liquid Using a Double-Layered Resonator Operating at 5G-mm-Wave Frequencies

Abstract

This paper discusses a new sensing technique for detecting ethanol concentration in aqueous solutions rapidly based on electromagnetic resonance. The sensor consists of two substrate layers and operates at 5G millimetre-wave frequencies (5G mm-wave). An experimental study of the new resonator's con guration is undertaken in determining the sensor's sensitivity. During the measurements, 6 samples were modelled with varying amounts of ethanol concentration in the water. The results showed that S 11 resonance moves linearly towards higher frequencies as the ethanol content increases. The resonance shifted by 178 MHz for every 10% increase in ethanol. As a result, the proposed 5G mm-Wave sensing technique based on a replaceable sensing layer proves to be suitable for rapid, accurate, and low-cost alcohol content detection in liquids.