Detection of Wheezing During Maximal Forced Exhalation in Patients With Obstructed Airways

Computerized Adventitious Respiratory Sounds as Outcome Measures for Respiratory Therapy: A Systematic Review

“…The majority of the included studies were quasi-experimental, 5,[20][21][22][23][24][25] 3 studies were observational, [26][27][28] and 2 studies were randomized controlled trials (Table 2). 29,30 Ten studies recruited patients receiving specialized care, and 2 studies recruited patients during hospital admission.…”

“…Eight studies were conducted with adults (n ϭ 167; 60.7%; age range 21-73 years) 5,21,24-29 and 4 with children (n ϭ 108 [39.3%]; age range 4 months-18 y). 20,22,23,30 The interventions in most studies consisted of pharmacotherapy [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] ; only 2 studies combined pharmacotherapy with respiratory physical therapy. 5,29 The respiratory physical therapy consisted mainly of an active cycle of breathing techniques, 5,29 but also breathing retraining techniques (incentive spirometry, thoracic mobility, expansion and flexibility exercises, and aerobic training).…”

“…29 In almost all studies, the respiratory sounds were recorded in more than one chest location; however, in 3 studies recordings were performed exclusively in the trachea. 21,25,26 Only the 3…”

“…The recording devices used varied among studies, as follows: microphones 21,24,25,27,29 ; piezoelectric sensors 20,22,23,26,30 ; and electronic stethoscopes. 5,28 Algorithms based on fast Fourier transformation were the most used to automatically detect ARSs.…”

“…The frequency of WHs was investigated in 4 studies conducted in adults. 21,25,28,29 After terbutaline inhalation, the frequency of WHs significantly decreased in patients with asthma (ES ϭ Ϫ0.15) and COPD (ES ϭ Ϫ0.21), and in healthy subjects (ES ϭ Ϫ0.28). 21 Similar, although nonsignificant, results were found with the same intervention in healthy subjects (ES ϭ Ϫ0.18), and nonstable subjects with asthma (ES ϭ non-stable 0.24).…”