Detection of Zeptojoule Microwave Pulses Using Electrothermal Feedback in Proximity-Induced Josephson Junctions

Govenius, Joonas; Lake, Russell; Tan, Kuan Yen; Möttönen, Mikko

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.030802

Cited by 102 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…This device performance should improve for higher photon energies. Inductive readout [8,[23][24][25] can be used in the future to increase the SPD operation bandwidth by avoiding Joule heating when the GJJ switches to a resistive state. We have only explored a small set of possible parameters in this report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector

et al. 2017

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We propose to use graphene-based Josephson junctions (GJJs) to detect single photons in a wide electromagnetic spectrum from visible to radio frequencies. Our approach takes advantage of the exceptionally low electronic heat capacity of monolayer graphene and its constricted thermal conductance to its phonon degrees of freedom. Such a system could provide high-sensitivity photon detection required for research areas including quantum information processing and radio astronomy. As an example, we present our device concepts for GJJ single-photon detectors in both the microwave and infrared regimes. The dark count rate and intrinsic quantum efficiency are computed based on parameters from a measured GJJ, demonstrating feasibility within existing technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SNS JJs have been recognized for their use as superconducting transistors [22] and as sensitive bolometers [23][24][25]. The concept is to achieve control of the supercurrent by perturbing the Fermi distribution of the normal constituent in the junction through Joule heating [26].…”

Section: Device Concept and Input Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector

et al. 2017

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“…Fast thermometry with sub-µs time resolution has been realized with Normal MetalInsulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions and superconducting weak links embedded in resonant circuits [4][5][6][7][8] . In these methods, the measurement bandwidth is set by the linewidth of the resonant circuit, which can not be increased indefinitely without sacrificing the readout sensitivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast thermometry with a proximity Josephson junction

Wang

Saira

Pekola

2018

Applied Physics Letters

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We couple a proximity Josephson junction to a Joule-heated normal metal film and measure its electron temperature under steady state and nonequilibrium conditions. With a timed sequence of heating and temperature probing pulses, we are able to monitor its electron temperature in nonequilibrium with effectively zero backaction from the temperature measurement in the form of additional dissipation or thermal conductance. The experiments demonstrate the possibility of using a fast proximity Josephson junction thermometer for studying thermal transport in mesoscopic systems and for calorimetry.Thermometry is a cornerstone in studies of thermodynamics. When the investigated system is in equilibrium, the working speed of a thermometer may not be an important factor, as the system status does not change with time. In the past decades, much progress has been made in understanding thermal transport in nanoscale systems in the steady state [1][2][3] . If the time scale of interest is shorter than thermal relaxation time τ of the relevant system, one needs to measure the system temperature with a fast thermometer in nonequilibrium. The relaxation time increases with lowering temperature, which makes the thermal relaxation time of electrons experimentally accessible at millikelvin temperatures. A thermometer with large bandwidth is still needed to expand the temperature range and the variety of processes that can be observed in non-equilibrium.Fast thermometry with sub-µs time resolution has been realized with Normal MetalInsulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions and superconducting weak links embedded in resonant circuits 4-8 . In these methods, the measurement bandwidth is set by the linewidth of the resonant circuit, which can not be increased indefinitely without sacrificing the readout sensitivity. Recently, Ref.[9] has shown nanosecond thermometry using a superconducting nanobridge, introducing the hysteretic JJ as a fast thermometer for calorimetry with easy integration.In this letter, we perform fast, minimally invasive thermometry of an evaporated thin-film using proximity JJs. Instead of using superconducting nanobridge, we utilize proximity JJs consisting of a normal metal weak link contacting two superconducting leads. The normal section of the weak link is galvanically connected to the thin film under study, whose electron temperature can be elevated by Joule heating pulses. We devise a probing scheme that allows us to study the nonequilibrium electron temperature in the thin film with µs time resolution, vanishing dissipation, and virtually zero added heat conductance to the system under study prior to the measurement pulse. Experimental results show the great potential of using proximity JJ thermometer for precision and fast measurements of electron temperature in metallic films.The JJ thermometer consists of a normal metal wire (cyan) sandwiched between Al superconducting electrodes (blue), shown in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image in Fig. 1(b). The inner four electrodes are used in the experim...

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“…Here, the temperature dependence follows from that of proximity superconductivity in diffusive metallic weak links [32]. Optimized detectors based on this mode of operation have been explored in detail in earlier works by Govenius et al [33,34].…”

Section: B Local Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive Thermometry with a Josephson Junction Coupled to a Resonator

Saira¹,

Zgirski

Viisanen³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. Applied

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We embed a small Josephson junction in a microwave resonator that allows simultaneous dc biasing and dispersive readout. Thermal fluctuations drive the junction into phase diffusion and induce a temperaturedependent shift in the resonance frequency. By sensing the thermal noise of a remote resistor in this manner, we demonstrate primary thermometry in the range of 300 mK to below 100 mK, and highbandwidth (7.5 MHz) operation with a noise-equivalent temperature of better than 10 μK= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p . At a finite bias voltage close to a Fiske resonance, amplification of the microwave probe signal is observed. We develop an accurate theoretical model of our device based on the theory of dynamical Coulomb blockade.

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Detection of Zeptojoule Microwave Pulses Using Electrothermal Feedback in Proximity-Induced Josephson Junctions

Cited by 102 publications

References 65 publications

Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector

Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector

Fast thermometry with a proximity Josephson junction

Dispersive Thermometry with a Josephson Junction Coupled to a Resonator

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