Detection Time of Oxazepam and Zopiclone in Urine and Oral Fluid after Experimental Oral Dosing

Bruun, Lina Dorthea; Kjeldstadli, Kari; Temte, Vidar; Birdal, Morris; Bachs, Liliana; Langødegård, Marit; Strand, Dag Helge; Gaare, Kristin Irene; Øiestad, Elisabeth Leere; Høiseth, Gudrun

doi:10.1093/jat/bky083

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The detection time of zopiclone in OF was investigated in a recent study from our laboratory. Bruun et al designed a pharmacokinetic study investigating detection time of the benzodiazepine oxazepam and zopiclone in OF and urine (258). In that study, ten healthy volunteers received 7.5 mg zopiclone and urine/OF samples were collected twice daily for the following 6 days.…”

Section: Detection Time Of Zopiclone In Of / Interpretation Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other drugs like metformin and lithium are substrates of such transporters and are present in high concentrations in saliva (259,260). Such transport mechanisms have not been described for zopiclone, but if present, this could partly explain both the high ZOBCR and the long detection time for zopiclone in OF (258). It is described that other drugs can be redistributed and stored in different human tissue, for instance it is demonstrated that THC is deposited in fat tissue (261), resulting in long terminal elimination half-life of THC.…”

Section: Detection Time Of Zopiclone In Of / Interpretation Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zopiclone concentrations in oral fluid and blood after, administration of therapeutic doses of zopiclone

Hjelmeland

Gustavsen

Øiestad

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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Vast intra- and interindividual differences in ZOBCR were found, and the correlation between OF and blood concentration was less pronounced than reported in former studies. In accordance with earlier studies we found a negative correlation between ZOBCR and OF volume. The ZOBCR decreases in relation to recent intake of a meal, probably because stimulated saliva production causes "dilution" of saliva. OF zopiclone concentration appeared unsuitable for estimation of blood zopiclone concentration. Due to long detection time, analysis of zopiclone in OF might be useful to detect non-recent, previous intake.

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Section: Detection Time Of Zopiclone In Of / Interpretation Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Time Of Zopiclone In Of / Interpretation Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zopiclone concentrations in oral fluid and blood after, administration of therapeutic doses of zopiclone

Hjelmeland

Gustavsen

Øiestad

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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Recent chromatographic and electrophoretic based methods for determining drugs of abuse in urine and oral fluid: A review from 2018 to June 2021

Pascual-Caro

Borrull

Calull

et al. 2022

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Detection of Drugs in Oral Fluid Samples Using a Commercially Available Collection Device: Agreement with Urine Testing and Evaluation of A and B Samples Obtained from Employees at Different Workplace Settings with Uncontrolled Sampling Procedures

Zheng¹,

Sparve²,

Sparring³

et al. 2020

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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The use of oral fluid tests to detect drugs is of growing interest in various areas, including treatment centers, roadside and workplace testing. In this study, we investigated drug detection in oral fluid samples collected using a commercially available device, Oral Eze. Drug detection in oral fluid was compared to paired urine samples, which were simultaneously collected. We also evaluated the collection device by comparing A and B oral fluid samples. Finally, we studied the stability of various drugs in samples stored for at least 1 year. The drug profile was investigated by comparing the drugs detected in oral fluid samples with paired urine samples collected in a treatment center. A total of 113 paired oral fluid and urine samples were investigated for the presence of drugs in the following groups: amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opiates and opioids, cocaine and cannabis. A and B samples were collected from different workplaces through an uncontrolled sampling procedure (n = 76). The stability of drugs in A samples was assessed after storage at −20°C for 1 year. Generally, there was a good correlation between drugs detected in oral fluid samples and urine samples. The heroin metabolite, 6-MAM, was more frequently detected in oral fluid samples than in urine samples, while cannabis was better detected in urine samples. Drugs in oral fluid samples were stable when stored at −20°C for at least 1 year. However, in many positive A and B oral fluid samples, there was significant variation in the concentrations obtained. Hence, the collection device may need to be further standardized and improved.

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Detection Time of Oxazepam and Zopiclone in Urine and Oral Fluid after Experimental Oral Dosing

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Zopiclone concentrations in oral fluid and blood after, administration of therapeutic doses of zopiclone

Zopiclone concentrations in oral fluid and blood after, administration of therapeutic doses of zopiclone

Recent chromatographic and electrophoretic based methods for determining drugs of abuse in urine and oral fluid: A review from 2018 to June 2021

Detection of Drugs in Oral Fluid Samples Using a Commercially Available Collection Device: Agreement with Urine Testing and Evaluation of A and B Samples Obtained from Employees at Different Workplace Settings with Uncontrolled Sampling Procedures

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