Detection, treatment and prevention of endodontic biofilm infections: what’s new in 2020?

Abusrewil, Sumaya; Alshanta, Om Alkhir; Albashaireh, Khawlah; Al-Qahtani, Saeed Ali; Nile, Christopher J.; Scott, James; McLean, William

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2020.1739622

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Although the immune system employs different measures to overcome root canal and periradicular infection, these measures are useless to eradicate the causative factor. For now, removal of the microbial biofilm by endodontic treatment is the best way to restore the health of the periradicular tissue [48] . To eradicate a bacterium such as Filifactor alocis, it is strictly necessary to implement an effective chemical-mechanical cleaning, as well as a hermetic sealing of the root canal, since the host defenses are unable to eliminate the infection on their own.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filifactor alocis in endodontic infections

Castañeda¹,

Zuñiga²,

Gomez³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Introduction: Filifactor alocis is considered an emerging pathogen in various oral infections, mainly endodontic. Objective: To analyze the literature on the bacterium Filifactor alocis, including its virulence factors, nutrition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Methodology: Articles on the subject published through the PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Academic databases were analyzed, with an emphasis on the last 5 years. It was carried out with the words "Filifactor alocis", "Gram-positive", "Anaerobic bacteria", "Endodontic infections". Results: 3-methyldenine DNA glycosylase, its ability to encode FtxA exotoxin, and its high ability to form hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine are some of its virulence factors. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the most common detection method. The relatively high detection of F. alocis associated with infections of endodontic origin, makes it a potential putative endodontic pathogen. Correct chemical-mechanical instrumentation and a hermetic seal is the best treatment to eradicate Filifactor alocis. Conclusions: Filifactor alocis is one of the most frequent bacteria in various endodontic infections. Therefore, its eradication is crucial to achieve the elimination of the infection.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filifactor alocis in endodontic infections

Castañeda¹,

Zuñiga²,

Gomez³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Particularly in the oral cavity, biofilm can be found in the teeth and mucosal surfaces and are thought to consist of approximately 700 bacterial species, 100 fungal species, and some viruses [ 10 ]. Since these microorganisms coexist in the same environment, there is the possibility of interactions between different species, a factor that can make an oral infection more difficult to treat, creating an environment of protection and tolerance for microorganisms against conventional antimicrobial agents [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm Potential of Medicinal Plants against Candida spp. Oral Biofilms: A Review

et al. 2021

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The use of natural products to promote health is as old as human civilization. In recent years, the perception of natural products derived from plants as abundant sources of biologically active compounds has driven their exploitation towards the search for new chemical products that can lead to further pharmaceutical formulations. Candida fungi, being opportunistic pathogens, increase their virulence by acquiring resistance to conventional antimicrobials, triggering diseases, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. They are also pointed to as the main pathogens responsible for most fungal infections of the oral cavity. This increased resistance to conventional synthetic antimicrobials has driven the search for new molecules present in plant extracts, which have been widely explored as alternative agents in the prevention and treatment of infections. This review aims to provide a critical view and scope of the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of several medicinal plants, revealing species with inhibition/reduction effects on the biofilm formed by Candida spp. in the oral cavity. The most promising plant extracts in fighting oral biofilm, given their high capacity to reduce it to low concentrations were the essential oils extracted from Allium sativum L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.

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“…The extracellular matrix of a biofilm is secreted by bacteria and is composed of metabolic-output polymers that adhere strongly to surfaces [ 2 3 ]. Biofilms develop in stages: initial adherence of microbes to a surface or bacterial cell, generation of microcolonies, maturation, and finally, the expansion of the biofilm [ 4 5 ]. The main purpose of endodontic treatment is to eliminate the complex, resistant polymeric biofilm structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver nanoparticles in endodontics: recent developments and applications

et al. 2021

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The elimination of endodontic biofilms and the maintenance of a leak-proof canal filling are key aspects of successful root canal treatment. Several materials have been introduced to treat endodontic disease, although treatment success is limited by the features of the biomaterials used. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been increasingly considered in dental applications, especially endodontics, due to their high antimicrobial activity. For the present study, an electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and EMBASE. This review provides insights into the unique characteristics of AgNPs, including their chemical, physical, and antimicrobial properties; limitations; and potential uses. Various studies involving different application methods of AgNPs were carefully examined. Based on previous clinical studies, the synthesis, means of obtaining, usage conditions, and potential cytotoxicity of AgNPs were evaluated. The findings indicate that AgNPs are effective antimicrobial agents for the elimination of endodontic biofilms.

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Detection, treatment and prevention of endodontic biofilm infections: what’s new in 2020?

Cited by 58 publications

References 151 publications

Filifactor alocis in endodontic infections

Filifactor alocis in endodontic infections

Antibiofilm Potential of Medicinal Plants against Candida spp. Oral Biofilms: A Review

Silver nanoparticles in endodontics: recent developments and applications

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