Determinación de la concentración de fosfatos en los colirios antiglaucomatosos comercializados en España

Martínez-Soroa, Itziar; Frutos-Lezaun, M. de; Ostra, Miren; Zurutuza, Ane; Larburu, M.B. Irastorza; Cacho, M.P. Bachiller

doi:10.1016/j.oftal.2016.02.010

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A confirmation study was carried out by applying the ammoniummolybdate method. 21,23 The molybdate method has been commonly used for phosphate determination in water, but the reagent is carcinogenic. 31 Here, we proposed an alternative method that does not use toxic reagents.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

2018

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Nowadays, interest in using environmentally friendly materials is increasing in many fields. However, the rational design of sensors with biodegradable materials is a challenge. The main aim of this work is to show the possibility of using zein, a protein from corn, as a biodegradable and low-cost material for immobilizing, stabilizing, and delivering different kind of reagents for developing optical sensors. Enzymes, metallic salts, and aromatic and small organic compounds were tested. In addition, different techniques of immobilization, entrapment and adsorption, were used, and different formats, such as solid devices and also multiwell platforms, were proposed. The capacity of zein for immobilizing two reagents together, enzyme and substrate, into a multianalysis format was also shown. Two applications were developed as examples: a colorimetric assay based on a ferric hydroxamate reaction for ester drugs, which was applied in atropine determination in pills, and a fluorimetric enzymatic multiwell-plate biodevice applied in phosphate determination in human serum and urine. Zein demonstrated being not only a green alternative but also a versatile polymer for developing sensors from reagents with different natures in different formats and matrices, thereby resulting in different applications.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

2018

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“…Although the phosphate content of the artificial tears analyzed in our study were within physiological limits, factors such as high-frequency use, inadequate lacrimal drainage, extended tear turnover time, and the high viscosity of artificial tears can increase the duration of contact between the ocular surface and the phosphate found in the formulation and thus lead to a tendency for calcification. 2,10 Because dry eye also involves an inflammatory component, treatment may involve the intermittent use of steroids. Full-thickness calcification in the corneal stroma following the long-term use of dexamethasone phosphate was reported in a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drops containing latanoprost in particular contained approximately 50 times more phosphate than the upper limit of the physiological range. Although the more acidic pH values (≈6.4) 10 of these drops may seem like an advantage, the high phosphate concentrations increase their risks. In contrast, although bimatoprost drops and bimatoprost fixed combination drops contain less phosphate, they are more alkaline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, although bimatoprost drops and bimatoprost fixed combination drops contain less phosphate, they are more alkaline. 10 The disclaimers in the package inserts of both of these prostaglandin analogues stating that “in rare cases, patients with severe damage to the cornea may develop cloudy patches due to the calcium build-up during treatment” should be evaluated in this context. 29,30 Considering that predisposition to phosphate deposition in the cornea is a pH-dependent process, it will be valuable to demonstrate the effect of both preparations in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 The extent of accumulation depends on factors such as the size of the epithelial defect, the presence of dry eye, the pH and tonicity of the formulation, and the frequency and duration of use. 2,9,10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops

Özalp

Atalay

Kebapçı

et al. 2019

tjo

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Objectives: To assess phosphate and osmolarity levels of chronically administered eye drops commercially available in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 53 topical eye drops including 18 antiglaucoma drugs, 4 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 10 corticosteroids, 7 antihistaminics, and 14 artificial tears identified using the Vademecum Modern Medications Guideline (2018) were included in the study. Phosphate levels were assessed using Roche Cobas C501 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and the respective kits. Osmolarity was assessed using Vescor Vapro 5600 vapor pressure osmometer (Sanova Medical Systems, Vienna, Austria). Mean phosphate and osmolarity levels were obtained after averaging three measurements. Eye drops were categorized as isoosmolar, hypoosmolar and hyperosmolar based on physiologic tear osmolarity range (296.5±9.8 mOsm/L). Results: The highest phosphate concentration was found in the antiglaucoma group (20.3±35.4 mmol/L), followed by antihistaminics (17.3±17.9 mmol/L), corticosteroids (15.2±19.1 mmol/L), artificial tears (0.8±1.0), and NSAIDs (0.04±0.08). Percentage of medications in the hyperosmolar category was highest in the NSAI group (75%), followed by antihistaminics (43%), corticosteroids (20%), and antiglaucoma drugs (19%). Nearly all of the artificial tear formulations were in the hypoosmolar (71%) or isoosmolar (21%) categories. Conclusion: Approximately 40% of glaucoma medications and approximately 60% of corticosteroid and antihistaminic medications had a phosphate concentration higher than the physiologic tear phosphate level (1.45 mmol/L).

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Beidseitige Hornhautkalzifizierung bei okulärer Graft-versus-Host-Disease

et al. 2018

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Determinación de la concentración de fosfatos en los colirios antiglaucomatosos comercializados en España

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

Assessment of Phosphate and Osmolarity Levels in Chronically Administered Eye Drops

Beidseitige Hornhautkalzifizierung bei okulärer Graft-versus-Host-Disease

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