Determinant Factors Predicting the Dependencies of Local Communities on Plantation Forests and Their Levels of Participation on Management Activities in Basona Worena District, Ethiopia

The Policy Model for Sustainable Community Forest: A Factor Analysis

“…Generally, the findings by Sukwika et al (2016) and Tadesse and Teketay (2020) suggested that the various independent variables that significantly affected the dependencies of local farmers on community forests also affected their levels of participation in forest management's sustainability activities. Regarding institutions, Sukwika et al (2018) found the impact of policy strategies on indicators of increasing the proportion of forestry extension personnel and increasing the quality of forestry extension program activities to the sustainability of forest management.…”

“…In this case, reflective indicators can include the high and low efficiency of land use (EGY3) for timber plants managed by community forest farmers, which will indirectly affect poverty conditions around forest villages (SCF2). There is an intermediate variable indicator, namely post-harvest wood processing (ACT3), according to Sukwika et al (2016), Apipoonyanon et al (2020) and Tadesse and Teketay (2020) this condition shows that forest farmers' timber administration is highly dependent on the participation of farmers in increasing timber value added through post-harvest wood processing (above 80% variant explained). Despite, the community forest program demonstrating direct results to livelihood improvement, more efforts are still needed to encourage alternative income sources to enable future generations to be less dependent on the forest (Ekanayake et al, 2020;Sukwika et al, 2020).…”

“…Forest farmer activities in planting, managing, developing, and sustainably utilizing plantation forests assist policy and decisionmakers, land use planners, environmental analysts, forest conservation and management experts to consider socio-economic, bio-physical, and institutional indicators that directly and indirectly effect the dependencies of local communities on forests and their levels of participation on management activities (Sukwika et al, 2018;Sukwika et al, 2020;Tadesse & Teketay, 2020;Van Gossum et al, 2011).…”

“…From the technical point of view, the community of sustainable forest could be articulated beyond those three aspects. Some studies had addressed five aspects or dimension of sustainability: (1) economic; (2) social and culture; (3) ecology; (4) legal and institution; and (5) accessibility and technology (Apipoonyanon et al, 2020;Baral et al, 2018;Ekanayake et al, 2020;Sukwika et al, 2016;Sukwika et al, 2020;Tadesse & Teketay, 2020). In the sustainable development scheme, the relation among the three aspects will form equitable, viable, and bearable relationship, as resulted from the economic-social, economic-ecology, and social-ecology relations (Munasinghe, 1992), respectively (Figure 1).…”

“…Using moderation concept, for instance, existing in the context of a theory, it was stated that poverty is one of the determinant factors of environmental degradation, as well as negative-exploitative and inefficient-behaviour in natural resources management. On the contrary, degradation of environment support system could be a determinant factor of poverty Musyoki et al, 2016;Sukwika et al, 2016;Sukwika et al, 2020;Tadesse & Teketay, 2020). The connectivity is as follow: Farmers' purchasing power affects farmers' behaviour in managing the forest and other resources, through the mode they carried out consumption and production.…”