Determinants of Breast Cancer screening: Application of Protection Motivation Theory

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The mortality rates of this disease are due to the lack of awareness about screening methods and late detection of breast cancer, which is high in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine breast self-examination (BSE) behaviors applying protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to 410 women aged 40 -65 years old in Tehran, Iran. The questionnaire was completed through self-reported for each of the participants. PMT theoretical variables and BSE behavior are the basis of the data collection procedure. All analyses were performed using SPSS 20 for the windows. One-way ANOVA, chi-Square test, Independent Samples t-test, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. We set 0.05 as a criterion for statistical significance. Results: The results indicated there were significant and positive correlations between the knowledge about breast cancer and selfefficacy of practicing BSE (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), response efficacy (r = 0.20, P < 0.001), and protection motivation (r = 0.25, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Healthcare providers may consider PMT as a framework for developing educational interventions aiming at improving women's BSE behavior.

Determinants of Intention to Participate in Breast Cancer Screening among Urban Chinese Women: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory

“…The findings of this study showed that self-efficacy was positively associated with screening intention. Similar to our results, in other studies, women with higher self-efficacy were more likely to perform screening regularly [ 36 , 37 , 43 , 44 ]. A meta-analysis of the PMT literature also identified that self-efficacy plays the strongest role in predicting intention [ 41 ].…”

“…Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the factors that may affect women’s participation in breast screening [ 17 , 33 , 34 ], but there remains relatively limited research on this topic in China, especially studies based on PMT. Previous studies in Iran have identified the importance of several PMT subcontracts in predicting breast cancer screening [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. In these studies, increased self-efficacy, response efficacy, and perceived severity were found to be significantly associated with breast cancer screening behavior.…”

Investigating the predictors of breast cancer screening behaviors (breast self-examination, clinical examination or examination by physician /midwife and mammography) based on protection motivation theory (PMT) in women

“…In this study, the most important source of information about breast cancer screening was health staff, because the scope of primary health services and the completeness and comprehensiveness of primary health care, including health education. which is consistent with the study of Ghofranipour et al [ 19 ]. this study, approximately 25% of people performed behaviors related to breast cancer screening (breast self-examination, clinical examination or examination by physician/midwife and mammography), which is consistent with a study by Ghofranipour et al [ 16 ] and the study by Ager B et al [ 29 ].…”

“…In our example, women’s knowledge of breast cancer was low, leading to late visits to health centers. In our study, 45.6% of people had poor knowledge about breast cancer and half of the people performed breast self-examination, which is consistent with the study of Ghofranipour et al [ 19 ]. According to the World Health Organization, 55.7% of women worldwide have poor knowledge about breast cancer [ 23 ].…”

“…Although breast cancer is one of the few cancers identified in the early stages, this level is very low in Iran [ 19 ]. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of breast cancer screening behaviors (breast self-examination, clinical examination or examination by physician /midwife and mammography) using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).…”