Determinants of Grooming Behavior in Captive Langurs under Human Disturbance: A Case Study from the Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal

Sharma, Shailendra; Shrestha, Smriti; Pandey, Naresh; Khanal, Laxman

doi:10.17582/journal.pujz/2022.37.2.98.105

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…All socio-economic data were drawn from the Nepal Human Development Report 2014. 4 Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Nepal

Inagaki,

Koirala,

Paudel

et al. 2024

European Heart Journal Supplements

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Despite the well-recognized importance of prevention and early treatment of hypertension, the majority of adults in Nepal are not aware of their high blood pressure (BP) and are left untreated. In this paper, we report the result of the May Measure Month 2021 campaign in Nepal: a nationwide community-based hypertension screening campaign. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey was conducted in 15 districts between September 2021 and December 2021. An individual was included if aged 18 years or more and provided informed consent. Structured questionnaires were administered, and BP was measured three times in a sitting position by trained volunteers. A total of 5172 participants were included. The median age (interquartile range) was 37 (25–51), and 49.9% were female. The mean (SD) of the systolic and diastolic BP was 123.9 (14.9) and 80.2 (9.3) mmHg, respectively. A total of 1066 participants (20.6%) were identified as hypertensive (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication), of whom 399 (39.5%) and 298 (29.5%) were aware of their BP status and treated with at least one antihypertensive medicine, respectively. Blood pressure control (<140/90 mmHg) was achieved in 15.6% of all hypertensives and in 56.0% of treated individuals. Multivariate logistic regression showed an association between hypertension and the following variables: every 1-year increase of age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13 (1.11–1.15) if age < 40 and OR = 1.05 (1.04–1.06) if age ≥ 40], male [OR = 1.57 (1.33–1.89)], regular alcohol use [OR = 1.59 (1.30–1.93)], and diabetes [OR = 2.63 (1.93–3.58)]. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were suboptimal in Nepal. This study supports a strong need to scale up community-based hypertension programmes in Nepal and raises the possibility of task sharing with community health workers.

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“…All socio-economic data were drawn from the Nepal Human Development Report 2014. 4 Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Nepal

Inagaki,

Koirala,

Paudel

et al. 2024

European Heart Journal Supplements

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A group of eight rhesus macaques were housed in a 10×20 m 2 enclosure made of a steel frame and iron mesh wire. Food was provided three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening), and water was available ad libitum (Sharma et al 2022). There were only two mother-infant dyads in the enclosure at the time of data collection, and both were observed as part of the study.…”

Section: Study Area and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of mother–infant interactions between free-ranging and captive rhesus macaques in Kathmandu, Nepal

Shrestha,

Sharma,

Kyes

et al. 2024

J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorol.

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Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are gregarious, social primates whose infants depend on maternal support for survival. This study aimed to compare mother–infant interactions between free-ranging rhesus macaques (Swayambhunath Temple) and those in a captive setting (Central Zoo, Lalitpur) in Kathmandu, Nepal. Interactions such as duration of proximity and duration of contact between the dyads and symmetry, duration of out-of-proximity, duration of carrying or leaving by the mother while moving, and duration of nipple contact were compared. Five-minute focal animal sampling of maternal macaques was used to record the duration of mother–infant interactions. The behavioral state of the mother was also recorded via instantaneous scan sampling at one-minute intervals during focal samples. Our results revealed that the durations of proximity and contact were greater in the free-ranging macaques than in the zoo macaques. Similarly, the duration of carrying or leaving by the mother while moving was also greater in the free-ranging condition. The free-ranging mother–infant dyads spent significantly more time in nipple contact than did those in the captive setting. The infants were found to be primarily responsible for initiating both contact and proximity in the captivity. The symmetry for contact was balanced in free-ranging macaques; however, the infants were more responsible than the mothers for proximity behavior.

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Determinants of Grooming Behavior in Captive Langurs under Human Disturbance: A Case Study from the Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Nepal

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Nepal

Comparative analysis of mother–infant interactions between free-ranging and captive rhesus macaques in Kathmandu, Nepal

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