Determinants of Innovation: A Microeconometric Analysis of Three Alternative Innovation Output Indicators

Brouwer, E.; Kleinknecht, Alfred

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-13917-0_4

Cited by 95 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1996), for example, argue that collaboration is to be found mainly among weak innovators, because these are the firms which are obliged to share the results of research with others, while Arvanitis and Hollenstein (1996) suggest that collaboration is principally a small firm phenomenon, because such firms lack the internal resources to engage in research and the resulting innovation on their own. Neither of these hypotheses is supported by the PDS data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

Love¹,

Roper²

2004

Cambridge Journal of Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Marked differences exist between the institutional and social context for innovation in the UK and Germany. The question addressed here is how these different contexts impact on the objectives and organisation of innovation in UK and German manufacturing. In particular, we examine the extent to which UK and German plants engage in inter-plant collaboration and co-operation and multifunctional working as part of their innovative activity, and explore the reasons for differences in these patterns of involvement. The investigation is based on a large-scale, comparative survey of manufacturing plants in the two countries In Germany, institutional and social norms are found to encourage collaborative interplant innovation but aspects of the German skills training and industrial relations systems make the adoption of more flexible internal systems more difficult. In the UK on the other hand, the more adversarial nature of inter-firm relations makes it more difficult to establish external collaborations based on mutual trust, but less restrictive labour market structures make it easier for UK plants to adopt multifunctional working. This is linked to differences in attitudes to the property rights and transaction cost problems inherent in innovation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

Love¹,

Roper²

2004

Cambridge Journal of Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We used the share of employees involved in R&D activities, measured in full-time equivalents, as a measure of innovativeness. For a discussion of alternative innovativeness measures, see Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1996). Since our explanatory model concentrates on spatial data as exogenous variables, no other information from the Innovation survey was used.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geography of R&D: Tobit Analysis and a Bayesian Approach to Mapping R&D Activities in the Netherlands

Ouwersloot

Rietveld²

2000

Environ Plan A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionOne of the key factors in economic development is technological innovation: the introduction of new or improved production techniques, products, and services. This is usually preceded by an intensive process of research and development (R&D). In this paper we address the spatial aspects of R&D activity.One might argue that the spatial aspects of R&D are not so important because R&D is only an input to the innovation process. The location where R&D takes place is not necessarily the place where the new products will be produced or where the new production techniques will be applied. In large firms, one may indeed observe clear distinctions between those locations where R&D and those where actual production takes place (see, for example, Chapman and Walker, 1992). And, in many cases, firms do not carry out the R&D themselves but simply buy improved products which have been developed by other firms. In this case`innovation' just means the adoption of new production techniques, or new products developed and produced at places that may be located anywhere in the world. Thus, the economic benefits of R&D have spatial distribution patterns that are not necessarily connected to the spatial distribution of R&D itself. Yet, the spatial aspects of R&D are important for at least two reasons. First, R&D is important as an economic activity per se. The long-run trend towards a knowledge economy (Malecki, 1991;Suarez-Villa, 1996) means that a substantial part of value added is created in this type of activity. In addition, although in large firms there is often a separation between R&D and production activities, such a separation is not always absolute. In smaller firms R&D and production take place at the same location. Successful R&D may then have a large impact on the development of the area involved.R&D-oriented firms offer well-paid jobs, are generally considered to produce little environmental nuisance, and are expected to have positive growth perspectives. Therefore it is no surprise that many regional and local governments are interested in attracting R&D-oriented firms to their area (see Camagni, 1991;Howells, 1984;Miller

show abstract

“…Although without making further assumptions, we cannot directly estimate fixed costs, we can identify determinants of the threshold and of the sales of innovative products. This is an improvement on the estimates obtained by Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1996), who did not make a distinction between the two equations. Their estimates are reduced-form estimates, whereas we present estimates that correspond to a structural model, and we allow an economic interpretation in the context of that model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…For instance, are firms referring to the Dutch market, the European or the world market? Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1996) refer to the relationship between the export share of firms and the turnover from products 'new to the market', the higher the export share, the less turnover from products 'new to the market' they have. Therefore, it seems that firms, more oriented toward the home market which, in the case of the Dutch market, tends to be relatively small, are overestimating their innovative efforts.…”

Section: Source and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sales per employee of products that are 'new to the firm' as a response to competition, and the firm-specific cost structure. This indicator was first analysed in Brouwer and Kleinknecht (1996), who noted that, during the observation year, many firms had no sales of new products and proposed an ad hoc model to deal with those firms that had zero sales. One drawback to their procedure is that the estimates of the parameters have no clear interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Innovation Threshold

2008

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThis paper discusses a model for analysing the sales of new products. This model accounts for the fact that, even among those companies with permanent R&D activities, a fraction of the firms did not have sales of innovative products over a two-year observation period. We propose a model in which the fixed costs of introduction are a major concern in the decision-making process. We apply a censored regression model, extended by a firm-specific threshold. We use a structural model to estimate the fixed costs of introducing new products to the market, and explain subsequent sales of innovative products. We examine an indicator of innovative output, i.e. the sales of products 'new to the firm'. We estimate fixed cost thresholds by using data from the Dutch section of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) of 1998. R&D intensity, competition, and market structure all have a positive impact on the sales of new products. The most important factors that reduce the fixed cost threshold of introduction are product-related R&D investments, R&D subsidies, and knowledge spillovers.

show abstract

Determinants of Innovation: A Microeconometric Analysis of Three Alternative Innovation Output Indicators

Cited by 95 publications

References 11 publications

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

The Geography of R&D: Tobit Analysis and a Bayesian Approach to Mapping R&D Activities in the Netherlands

The Innovation Threshold

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About