Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and related products using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Aguinaga, Nerea; Campillo, Natalia; Viñas, Pilar; Hernández‐Córdoba, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.005

Cited by 124 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In HS-SDME specific holder, such as the needle tip of microsyringe and in HF-LPME, the hollow fiber is required for supporting the organic microdrop. The developed AA-DLLME-HPLC-UV/Vis method has acceptable DL (0.002-0.8 mg/L) and good linear range (0.01-800 mg/L) without using GC-MS or HPLC-MS [7,8,11]. Moreover, the RSD% (1.7-7.0) and extraction time (10 min) of this method are comparable with other methods.…”

Section: Optimization Of Aa-dllme Conditionssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…5 (l 5 270 nm). Table 7 compares LODs, LRs, RSDs% and extraction time for CPE [6], HF-LPME [7], SPME [8], HS-SDME [9], DLLME [10], DLLME-SFO [11], LDS-SD-DLLME) [12] and AA-DLLME method in extraction and determination of PAHs in water samples. According to Table 7, some extraction methods such as CPE are very time consuming and tedious.…”

Section: Optimization Of Aa-dllme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification and determination of PAHs in environment is very important and essential for human safety. Some sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [4], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [5], cloud-point extraction (CPE) [6], hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) [7], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [8] and headspace single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) [9] were developed for the extraction of PAHs. Assadi and coworkers proposed a novel ternary component liquid-liquid microextraction named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC

Fatemi

Hadjmohammadi

Shakeri

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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A sensitive method for the extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using alcoholic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AA-DLLME) and HPLC was developed. The extraction procedure was based on alcoholic solvents for both extraction and dispersive solvents. The effective parameters (type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, amount of salt and stirring time) on the extraction recovery were studied and optimized utilizing factorial design (FD) and central composite design (CCD). The best recovery was achieved by FD using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as the extraction solvent and methanol as the dispersive solvent. The results showed that volume of dispersive solvent and stirring time had no effect on the recovery of PAHs. The optimized conditions were 145 μL of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as the extraction solvent and 4.2% w/v of salt (NaCl) in sample solution. The enrichment factors of PAHs were in the range of 310-325 with limits of detection of 0.002-0.8 ng/mL. The linearity was 0.01-800 ng/mL for different PAHs. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra- and inter-day of extraction of PAHs were in the range of 1.7-7.0 and 5.6-7.3, respectively, for five measurements. The method was also successfully applied for the determination of PAHs in environmental water samples.

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Section: Optimization Of Aa-dllme Conditionssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Optimization Of Aa-dllme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC

Fatemi

Hadjmohammadi

Shakeri

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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show abstract

“…Since the highest extraction efficiency was reached at 60°C for most of the analytes, the extraction temperature of 60°C was selected for all of analytes. Some previous studies [20][21][22][23] also used temperatures close to this temperature for the HS extraction mode of PAHs.…”

Section: Optimization Of Spme Conditions For Pahsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of Self-Assembled Monolayers in the Preparation of Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings

et al. 2011

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Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of polyaminithiophenol (PATP) were used as a covalent bonded coating for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Thiolated aniline-analog monomers (mixture of 2-and 3-aminothiophenols, 2/3-ATP) were anchored on the gold surface and then electropolymerized. Due to the strong S-Au bond, thiol-terminated coating on the gold surface was very stable. The proposed covalent bonded coating showed higher mechanical (re-usability up to 100 times) and thermal stability (up to 320°C) than non-covalent bonded polyaniline coating (re-usability up to 20 times and thermal stability up to 250°C). The extraction capability of the proposed fiber for the extraction of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, 9,10-dimethylanthracene and benzo[a]anthracene was examined. The effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of analytes including extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, stirring rate and sample volume were examined and optimized. Linear ranges of 1-250 lg L -1 for phenanthrene and anthracene, and 1-100 lg L -1 for the other compounds were obtained. Detection limits were in the range of 0.1-0.32 lg L -1 . Single fiber repeatability and fiber to fiber reproducibility were less than 8.9 and 15.8%, respectively. Seawater sample was analyzed as real sample and good recoveries (81-108%) were obtained for target analytes.

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“…The performance of the current HS-SPME method with the CAl-MOF fiber for the determination of PAHs was compared with the other reported SPME methods with different fibers including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [34,35], polyacrylate (PA) [34], polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) [36] and graphene [37] from the viewpoint of LODs, RSDs and extraction time. As listed in Table 3, the LODs and RSDs for the five PAHs with the current method are comparable with those obtained with the other methods, and the extraction time of the current method is much shorter.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Spme Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous carbon derived from aluminum-based metal organic framework as a fiber coating for the solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil

Zang

Wang

et al. 2015

Microchim Acta

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A nanoporous carbon derived from an aluminumbased metal-organic framework was deposited on stainless steel wires in a sol-gel matrix. The resulting fibers were applied to the solid-phase microextraction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene from water and soil samples. The fiber was then directly inserted into the GC injector and the PAHs were quantified by GC-MS. The effects of salt addition, extraction temperature, extraction time, sample volume and desorption conditions on the extraction efficiency were optimized. A linear response to the analytes was observed in the 0.1 to 12 μg L −1 range for water samples, and in the 0.6 to 30 μg kg −1 for soil samples, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9934 to 0.9985. The limits of detection ranged from 5.0 to 20 ng L −1 for water samples, and from 30 to 90 ng kg −1 for soil samples. The recoveries of spiked samples were between 72.4 and 108.0 %, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviations, is <12.8 %.

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Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and related products using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 124 publications

References 35 publications

Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC

Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC

Application of Self-Assembled Monolayers in the Preparation of Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings

Porous carbon derived from aluminum-based metal organic framework as a fiber coating for the solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil

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