Determination of artemisinin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line UV irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection

Abstract

Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug containing an internal endoperoxide linkage in its structure. A simple, selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) method for the determination of artemisinin was developed. This method is based on the fact that endoperoxide in artemisinin structure can be converted to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and the generated hydrogen peroxide can be measured using PO-CL detection. The HPLC-PO-CL system was optimized on a mobile phase, post column chemiluminescence reagent, UV source and irradiation time. In addition, the system was combined with simple liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane that allowed selective and sensitive determination of artemisinin in serum. The limit of detection using 0.5 mL of blood was 0.062 micromol/L (17.5 ng/mL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Calibration curve obtained for artemisinin in human serum 4-80 micromol/L (1.1-22.6 microg/mL) showed a good linearity (r = 0.999).

Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection for the highly sensitive determination of fluorescence-labeled chlorpheniramine with Suzuki coupling reaction

“…3). This result is consistent with previously reports [17,36,37]. The pH of the mobile phase was also optimized over the range of 6.8-7.6.…”

Chromatographic determination of low-molecular mass unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection after fluorescence labeling with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole

“…3b, supplementary data). Imidazole was identified as the best catalyst for PO-CL reaction and nitric acid is the best acid used in combination with imidazole to form buffer solutions as reported before [30,31]. The pH of the mobile phase has a great effect on CL intensities; therefore different buffer solutions from 5.8 to 7.2 were studied and the optimum pH was 6.4, as shown in Fig.…”

Chemiluminescence detection in liquid chromatography: Applications to clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis—A review

“…Both analytes were previously derivatized with 4-dimethylaminosulfonyl-7-(Nchloroformylmethyl-N-methyl)amino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBDCOCl), and subsequently separated and detected by HPLC-PO-CL. PO system has also be used for the indirect quantification of artemisinin in human serum, an antimalarial drug containing an internal endoperoxide linkage in its structure, which can be converted to hydrogen peroxide under UV irradiation to generate hydrogen peroxide that can be subsequently measured, using DNPO [54].…”