Determination of climatic differences in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey

Yılmaz, Sevgi; Toy, S.; Irmak, Mehmet Akif; Yılmaz, Hasan

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.01.017

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…According to the results of the statistical analysis, temperature differences between open space and tree canopies were found to be statistically not significant (p=0.05), mean differences from open space were 0.7 ºC for Scotch pines and 0.3 for Silver birches and mixture, respectively and comparable to the values provided in literature (e.g. Oke, 1989;Yilmaz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Meteorological Datasupporting

confidence: 65%

“…mainly by the Chicago Urban Forest Project, McPherson et al, 1994;Simpson et al, 1994;Honjo and Takakura, 1990;Canton et al, 1994;Taha, 1997;Bruse and Fleer, 1998;Scott et al, 1999;Shashua-Bar and Hoffman, 2000;Heisler and Wang, 2002;Streiling and Matzarakis, 2003;Ali-Toudert and Mayer, 2007;Toy et al, 2007). Differences in climatic elements between tree canopy and open spaces have been detected at various rates (Myrup et al, 1993;Simpson et al, 1994;Scott et al, 1999;Streiling and Matzarakis, 2003;Yilmaz et al, 2007, Toy andYilmaz, 2010). Effects of tree covers on human climatic and bioclimatic environment can occur in two different mechanisms mainly by directly shading the ground surface and indirectly by supplying humidity (Lee, 1978;Oke, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of different thermal conditions based on THI under different kind of tree types – as a specific case in a Ata Botanic Garden in eastern Turkey

Irmak¹,

Yılmaz²,

Yılmaz³

et al. 2013

Global NEST Journal

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Outdoor recreation is an important issue for people living in areas where they face problems caused by harsh climatic features like the city of Erzurum. The aim of this study was to determine the favourable features of tree species, which can grow in the city, for human bioclimatic comfort conditions. For this aim, measurements of climatic elements (temperature, humidity, and wind) were carried out under different tree canopies in the Ataturk University Ata Botanic Garden in July and August 2008. For the calculation of bioclimatic conditions, one of the most widely used indices, THI (Thermo hygrometric Index) was used based solely on the data of clear and calm days during the measurement period. From the results of the study, it was found that the canopy of Scotch pine trees can provide the most comfortable environment by increasing human thermal condition by 5.1 %, followed by Silver birch trees by 3.8 % which increased human thermal condition when compared to open space while mixed canopy did not give the respective results. Some suggestions about the use of plant materials in recreational areas are presented.

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Section: Meteorological Datasupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different thermal conditions based on THI under different kind of tree types – as a specific case in a Ata Botanic Garden in eastern Turkey

Irmak¹,

Yılmaz²,

Yılmaz³

et al. 2013

Global NEST Journal

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show abstract

“…Simple indexes that take two or more climatic elements into account (such as THI, ET) fall under the first category. In this index, THI is used very commonly before PET (Unger, 1999;Yilmaz et al, 2007a;Yilmaz et al, 2007b). Under the second category, there are the complex indices inclusive human characteristics (such as the clothing that they wear) together with climatic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of thermal comfort in different elevation for city planning

2013

Global NEST Journal

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During the summer months of 2009, the PET difference was 7.4 ºC while the corresponding difference was 6.4 ºC for 2010. During the winter months of 2009, the PET difference was 3.1 ºC while the corresponding difference was 3.7 ºC for 2010. It was determined that the 1179 m elevation difference between the two stations resulted in PET declines of 0.5 ºC for each 100 m. It was also observed that during days when the temperature is extremely low, due to the movement of cold spots to lower elevations, the PET values in Erzurum were observed to be lower than the ones in Palandoken mountains that are located only 13.5 km north-east of the city.

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“…Cities have larger paved surfaces that store more heat compared to rural areas, which is one of the main causes of the UHI effect. As indicators of this effect, thermal condition differences between urban and rural areas have been analyzed in many studies (Unger, 1999;Yilmaz et al, 2007aYilmaz et al, , 2013Gulyas and Matzarakis, 2009;Ketterer and Matzarakis, 2014;Irmak and Yilmaz, 2015; Rodriguez Algeciras et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different pavements on human thermal comfort conditions

Irmak¹,

Yılmaz²,

Dursun³

2017

Atm

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RESUMENLa isla urbana de calor (ICU) y el confort térmico en espacios exteriores pueden ser afectados por diversos factores como el tamaño del entorno edificado, la proporción de espacios verdes y abiertos y los diferentes tipos de coberturas superficiales (e.g., pasto y coberturas artificiales) en zonas urbanas. De acuerdo con los tipos y estructuras de los pavimentos y materiales de cobertura, que pueden tener efectos en el albedo y el calentamiento superficial, las superficies reflejan la radiación solar o calientan el aire sobre ellas. Los pavimentos que absorben mayor cantidad de radiación solar la pueden convertir en calor, lo cual calienta el aire; esto a su vez eleva la temperatura de las áreas urbanas y provoca incomodidad en los seres humanos. El presente estudio investiga los efectos de diferentes materiales para cobertura de suelo en la intensidad de la ICU. Se consideran nueve tipos de materiales, a saber andesita, granito, basalto, travertino, madera impregnada, tierra, asfalto, polvo de ladrillo y pasto, los cuales fueron analizados en el jardín botánico de Ata en el centro de Erzurum, una ciudad ubicada en Anatolia oriental, Turquía. Las mediciones de temperatura superficial de estos pavimentos se llevaron a cabo durante julio en días soleados, a 150 cm sobre el suelo y a las 12:00 horas. Se utilizó para ello un termómetro infrarrojo (CEM-DT-8812) y, con el objeto de obtener temperaturas fisiológicamente equivalentes (TFE) para cada tipo de pavimento, los resultados se analizaron con el software RayMan 2.1. Posteriormente se analizaron estadísticamente las puntuaciones de TFE con una prueba de análisis de varianza y las diferencias en las temperaturas medias se evaluaron con la prueba de Fisher de la diferencia menos significativa. Los resultados muestran que los valores medios de TFE variaron de 28.9 ºC para madera impregnada a 25.9 ºC para pasto (una diferencia de 3 ºC). Las otras puntuaciones fueron las siguientes: 26.1, 26.7, 27.1, 27.5, 27.8, 28.5 y 28.5 ºC para travertino, granito, andesita, tierra, polvo de ladrillo, basalto y asfalto, respectivamente. Los resultados analíticos indican que todos los materiales estudiados crean un estrés térmico ligero (23.1-29 ºC) acorde con los índices TFE y los niveles de estrés. Sin embargo, el estrés térmico medido para la madera impregnada, el asfalto y el basalto fue mayor que para el resto de los materiales. Se determinó que el pasto, el travertino y los cubos de granito son las coberturas superficiales óptimas, ya que el nivel de estrés térmico que producen es el más cercano al rango de confort térmico (18.1-23.0 ºC). ABSTRACTThe urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and outdoor human thermal comfort may be affected by several factors such as the size of the built environment, the rate of open and green spaces and different types of ground surface covers (e.g., grass and artificial covers) in urban areas. Depending on the types and structures of the pavement/covering materials, which can have effects on the albedo and surface heating, ground surfaces ...

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Determination of climatic differences in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of different thermal conditions based on THI under different kind of tree types – as a specific case in a Ata Botanic Garden in eastern Turkey

Evaluation of different thermal conditions based on THI under different kind of tree types – as a specific case in a Ata Botanic Garden in eastern Turkey

The importance of thermal comfort in different elevation for city planning

Effect of different pavements on human thermal comfort conditions

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