Determination of detonation characteristics by laser-induced plasma spectra and micro-explosion dynamics

Abstract

Determination of macroscale detonation parameters of energetic materials (EMs) in a safe and rapid way is highly desirable. However, traditional experimental methods suffer from tedious operation, safety hazards and high cost. Herein, we present a micro-scale approach for high-precision diagnosis of explosion parameters based on radiation spectra and dynamic analysis during the interaction between laser and EMs. The intrinsic natures of micro-explosion dynamics covering nanosecond to millisecond and chemical reactions in laser-induced plasma are revealed, which reveal a tight correlation between micro-detonation and macroscopic detonation based on laser-induced plasma spectra and dynamics combined with statistic ways. As hundreds to thousands of laser pulses ablate on seven typical tetrazole-based high-nitrogen compounds and ten single-compound explosives, macroscale detonation performance can be well estimated with a high-speed and high-accuracy way. Thereby, the detonation pressure and enthalpies of formation can be quantitatively determined by the laser ablation processes for the first time to our knowledge. These results enable us to diagnose the performance of EMs in macroscale domain from microscale domain with small-dose, low-cost and multiple parameters.

Properties of Mixed Crystal Coprecipitation Substances of Ammonium Nitrate and Potassium Perchlorate Prepared by the Evaporative Solvent Method

“…The plume of all samples is closer to that of the lower energy materials (images of the plume of lower energy materials can be found in the literature) 40,41 which consume more energy in luminescent radiation unrelated to the explosion, resulting in brighter radiation and lower explosive performance.…”

Fast explosive performance prediction via small-dose energetic materials based on time-resolved imaging combined with machine learning

“…Yoh et al investigated laser-induced shock waves stimulated by pulse energy above 1 J on the time scale of nanoseconds, and found that the shock waves had a similar structure to actual macroscopic detonation waves. 14 Our previous study established a close correlation between laser-induced micro-detonation and macroscopic detonation based on the laser-induced plasma spectra and dynamics covering nanoseconds to milliseconds, and successfully predicted four sensitivities of certain singlecompound explosives accurately by acquiring laser-induced plasma spectra with an integral time of 30 ms. 15,16 The above results veried that there is substantial timedependent detonation information hidden in the early plasma cooling stage under high-uence laser irradiation. The critical physical processes for laser-induced detonation are not completely understood.…”

“…14 Our previous study established a close correlation between laser-induced micro-detonation and macroscopic detonation based on the laser-induced plasma spectra and dynamics covering nanoseconds to milliseconds, and successfully predicted four sensitivities of certain single-compound explosives accurately by acquiring laser-induced plasma spectra with an integral time of 30 μs. 15,16…”

Experimental and computational investigation into the hydrodynamics and chemical dynamics of laser ablation aluminum plasmas

“…Reactive plasmas generated by pulsed laser ablation resemble the explosive expansion dynamics and fireball combustion chemistry of macroscopic detonations at the laboratory scale. [1][2][3] Temperatures and timescales associated with the combustion chemistry of nanosecond laser ablation (LA) plasmas and aluminized high explosives have been shown to be very comparable. 3 Furthermore, LA plasmas have also been used as physicochemical surrogates for nuclear fireballs to develop reaction mechanisms and condensation pathways for nuclear fallout particle formation and debris distributions.…”