Determination of Diagnostic Reference Level in Routine Examinations of Digital Radiography in Mazandaran Province

Motlagh, Z. Hoseini; Monfared, Ali Shabestani; Deevband, Mohammad Reza; Abedi-Firouzjah, Razzagh; Ghaemian, Naser; Abdi, R A; Gorji, Kourosh Ebrahimnejad

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncaa074

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Table 6 shows a summary of this study’s LDRL values that they were lower than those of international organisations (EC 2018 ; IAEA 2004 ) and other previously published studies (Ahmed et al 2020 ; Baş Mor et al 2018 ; Hart et al 2012 ; Hoseini Motlagh et al 2020 ; Metaxas et al 2019 ; Mohsenzadeh et al 2018 ; Nyathi et al 2009 ; Suliman 2020 ). The reason for this is that the radiographers at the research site used the high kVp and low mAs technique to produce chest X-ray radiographs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The patients who were selected to participate in this research weighed from 60 kg to 80 kg. The weight ranges of the comparable DRL studies were from 50 kg to 105 kg (Ahmed et al 2020 ; Baş Mor et al 2018 ; Hart et al 2012 ; Hoseini Motlagh et al 2020 ; Metaxas et al 2019 ; Mohsenzadeh et al 2018 ; Nyathi et al 2009 ; Suliman 2020 ). As the body weight increases, so does the radiation dose to the patient, and vice versa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when comparing ESAK values, the Iranian ESAK values were higher than our findings. Hoseini Motlagh et al 2020;Metaxas et al 2019;Mohsenzadeh et al 2018;Nyathi et al 2009; Suliman 2020). The reason for this is that the radiographers at the research site used the high kVp and low mAs technique to produce chest X-ray radiographs.…”

Section: Local Diagnostic Reference Levels For Posteroanterior and Lateral Chest Projections For Computed Radiography And Digital Radiogrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local diagnostic reference levels for routine chest X-ray examinations at a public sector hospital in central South Africa

Junda

Müller

Friedrich-Nel

2021

Health SA Gesondheid

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Background: Dose optimisation is a radiation protection guideline recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for adherence to the ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA) principle. Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are used to optimise patients’ radiation protection for diagnostic and interventional procedures and are particularly useful for frequently performed examinations such as chest X-rays.Aim: To establish the local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for routine chest X-rays.Setting: Public sector hospital, Northern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: Sixty patients referred for chest X-rays fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Patients were ≥ 18 years of age and weighed between 60 kg and 80 kg. Consent for participation was obtained. The entrance skin air kerma (ESAK) was measured by using the indirect method recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Statistical software (SAS version 9.2) was used to determine the LDRLs for chest X-rays in three different rooms. In two rooms, computed radiography (CR) was used and the other one was a digital radiography (DR) unit. The LDRL values at the research site were compared with various published international values.Results: LDRLs for chest X-rays were established. The CR LDRL value for the posteroanterior (PA) chest projection was higher than the DR (flat panel detector [FPD]) LDRL value. The LDRLs of the PA chest projections were 0.3 mGy for CR and 0.2 mGy for DR. The lateral (LAT) chest projection LDRL value was 0.8 mGy for both CR and DR (FPD) projections. The resultant LDRL between rooms at the research site was 0.3 mGy for PA 0.3 mGy and 0.8 mGy for LAT chest projections.Conclusion: The LDRLs for chest X-rays established at this research site were lower than internationally reported DRLs. We recommend that LDRLs for routine chest X-rays should be repeated every 3 years, according to the ICRP.Contribution: Currently, no established or published DRL values prescribed by the Directorate of Radiation Control (DRC) are available in South Africa. The LDRLs established for routine chest X-ray examinations at this research site can serve as a guideline for the establishment of DRL values for other anatomical regions at the research site and other radiology departments in the country.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Local Diagnostic Reference Levels For Posteroanterior and Lateral Chest Projections For Computed Radiography And Digital Radiogrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local diagnostic reference levels for routine chest X-ray examinations at a public sector hospital in central South Africa

Junda

Müller

Friedrich-Nel

2021

Health SA Gesondheid

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“…The diagnostic reference level (DRL) value was first introduced in publication 73 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) [ 5 ]. The main objective was to establish a standard for the various techniques in radiological procedures [ 6 ]. In Peru, law 28028 [ 7 ], with its technical standard IR 003-2013, stipulates that the representative doses for patients must be determined for different radiographic procedures and that X-ray examinations must comply with the principles of justification, and optimization [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru

Bonifaz¹,

Rodriguez²,

Esparza³

2021

Cureus

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Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for X-ray procedures have been established in many countries since 1996. In Peru, data from the literature are used as guidelines as DRLs research is limited. The objective of this study is to analyze the parameters and variables which are used in radiological techniques such as kV, mAs, and type of machine (conventional or digital); study the geographical distribution of radiological X-ray machines, and establish DRLs in Peru. Two radiological procedures were considered, general X-rays (fixed and mobile) and intraoral X-rays (fixed, mobile, and portable). An Unfors RaySafe Xi detector (Unfors RaySafe AB, Billdal, Sweden) was used; air kerma was measured at a source to image distance that varied depending on the procedure, and the entrance skin dose was subsequently calculated using the Arcal XLIX formalism. The data were collected over a period of three years (2015)(2016)(2017). Only results from the last evaluation during this period were taken into consideration for each X-ray machine. DRLs were calculated at 0.21 mSv, and 0.25 mSv for posterior-anterior chest examinations in conventional and digital machines, respectively; 4.39 mSv and 6.01 mSv for conventional and digital antero-posterior lumbar spine examinations, respectively; and at 4.21 mSv for the dental intraoral procedure. The largest amount of X-ray machines is concentrated in the city of Lima. These results reflect the standard of practice in Peru.

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“…Medical diagnostic examinations are the most common source of artificial ionizing irradiation (1,2) . Although for diagnosing and treating patients, ionization radiations are used, their use is not safe due to their side effects and interactions with tissue (3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the radiation surface dose and measuring the dose area product to provide the diagnostic reference level in panoramic radiography

et al. 2021

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Background: Panoramic radiography is one of the common dental imaging procedures using ionizing radiation. It is necessary to control the level of exposure and use the optimized levels. So, the current work aimed to estimate the surface absorbed doses of critical organ regions, namely thyroid and parotid glands. Moreover, dose area product (DAP) values were measured and a local DRL was then established for panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods:The data from 201 patients including 141 adults and 60 children (5-10 years) were used for this cross-sectional study. Seven panoramic radiography systems were selected from 6 radiology clinics in Yazd province. For each patient, 12 thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD GR-200) were used to obtain the surface absorbed dose in both the thyroid and parotid gland regions. The DRL values were calculated using DAP values in terms of the ICRP recommendation. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of thyroid and parotid glands' surface absorbed doses were equal to 60.6±3.7 and 290±12.4 µGy in the adult group, respectively. In the children group, these values were 40.7±2 and 189.3±11.5 µGy, respectively. Moreover, the local DRL values were obtained as 99.7 and 73.4 mGy.cm 2 for the adults and children groups, respectively. Conclusion: The higher surface absorbed dose values in the adult group can be related to the use of higher radiation parameters. The local DRL proposed for the adult and pediatric groups in the current study was relatively lower than those established by other reports, which seemed acceptable for panoramic radiography in Yazd, Iran.

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Determination of Diagnostic Reference Level in Routine Examinations of Digital Radiography in Mazandaran Province

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Local diagnostic reference levels for routine chest X-ray examinations at a public sector hospital in central South Africa

Local diagnostic reference levels for routine chest X-ray examinations at a public sector hospital in central South Africa

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common X-ray Procedures in Peru

Estimating the radiation surface dose and measuring the dose area product to provide the diagnostic reference level in panoramic radiography

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