Determination of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid by liquid-liquid extraction and ion chromatography

Abstract

An extraction technique using MTBE (methyl tert. butyl ether) and reagent water in combination with ion chromatography and conductivity determination was developed to quantify dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) concentrations in raw water after chlorination. The detection limit of the method was 0.45 and 1.50 microg/L for DCAA and TCAA, respectively. Mean values of recovery ranged from 90 to 96% for DCAA and 95 to 108% for TCAA. The evaluation of recovery and precision of the method indicates that the performance characteristics are comparable with gas chromatographic (GC) methods reported in literature. In addition, the procedure is simple, fast, and does not need any derivatization step. Application of the analytical method to the determination of DCAA and TCAA in real samples is shown.

A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

“…Using this method, the authors were able determine that their batches of MCA were no longer contaminated with DCA after making improvements in their process for making MCA. Ko et al (2000) developed a method for the analysis of DCA and TCA in drinking water using an ion chromatograph and electrochemical detector. A 200 mL aqueous sample was acidified to pH <0.5 with HCl and extracted with two 15 mL portions of MTBE.…”

“…Similarly, many studies using an HPLC fitted with a conductivity detector can be found in the literature, because HPLC is a good separation technique for water-soluble analytes (including ions). Two ion chromatography methods for the analysis of HAAs in water (Qu and Mou, 1999;Ko et al, 2000) and one HPLC method using a conductivity detector for the analysis of DCA in plasma and urine (Narayanan et al, 1999) are discussed in this review.…”

“…An organic solvent is simply added to a drinking water sample, and TCE partitions into the organic phase, which is collected (Brown et al, 2003a). Although the HAAs are very water-soluble, many methods exist in which HAAs in drinking water are either derivatized or neutralized by acidification in order to make them more lipophilic and volatile prior to LLE extraction (Ko et al, 2000;Ahrer and Buchberger, 1999;Martínez et al, 1998b;Kim et al, 1999Kim et al, , 2001Domino et al, 2003;Xie, 2001;Dalvi et al, 2000;Williams et al, 1997;LeBel et al, 1997;Wong et al, 2003;Hashimoto and Otsuki, 1998;Magnuson and Kelty, 2000;Wu et al, 2002;Gabryelski et al, 2003). In addition, LLE can also be used to extract TCE (Brown et al, 2003b;Song and Ho, 2003), CH (Yan et al, 1999;Henderson et al, 1997), and DCA and TCA Jia et al, 2003;Merdink et al, 1998;Ketcha et al, 1996;Brashear et al, 1997) from biological matrices by extracting the organic layer after adding an organic solvent to tissue homogenate, plasma, or blood samples.…”

Effect of Preozonation on the Formation of Chlorinated Disinfection By-products for River Ruhr

“…The detailed evaluation of this method and quality assurance data are discussed elsewhere [15]. Then the aqueous sample was serially extracted with two 15-mL portions of MTBE (methyltert-butylether).…”

“…The samples were analyzed without dilution with the equipment described in detail and its application in previous papers [15,[17][18][19]. The samples were analyzed without dilution with the equipment described in detail and its application in previous papers [15,[17][18][19].…”