Determination of Elements in Thermal Springs for Monitoring Pre-Earthquake Activites by ICP-MS

Yaman, Mehmet Emrah

doi:10.46770/as.2011.05.002

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The chemical composition of groundwater provides information about fluid transfer during crustal deformation, while gases can provide information about deep fluid migration towards the Earth's surface [3,4]. Since the 1960s, numerous studies have reported changes in groundwater chemistry before earthquakes over wide temporal and spatial ranges [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Zhou

Zhong

Zhao

et al. 2021

Water

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Due to frequent large earthquakes in the Lanping-Simao fault basin—located in China’s Yunnan Province—the Simao observation well has observed groundwater discharge, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− concentrations every day between 2001–2018. Over 18 years of observations, M ≥ 5.6 earthquakes within a radius of 380 km from the well were seen to cause hydrochemical variations. In this study, we investigated CO2 release and groundwater mixing as possible causes of regional earthquake precursors, which were caused by the characteristics of the regional structure, lithology, water-rock reactions, and a GPS velocity field. Precursory signals due to CO2 injection are normally short-term changes that take two months. However, groundwater mixing linked to earthquakes was found to take, at the earliest, 15 months. The proportion of shallow water that contributes to mixing was found to significantly increase gradually with the stronger regional strain. These finding delineate the two mechanisms of earthquake-induced hydrochemical variations in an observation well, and would contribute to a better understanding of chemical changes before events in the Simao basin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Zhou

Zhong

Zhao

et al. 2021

Water

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Coupling between mineral reactions, chemical changes in groundwater, and earthquakes in Iceland

et al. 2016

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Chemical analysis of groundwater samples collected from a borehole at Hafralækur, northern Iceland, from October 2008 to June 2015 revealed (1) a long‐term decrease in concentration of Si and Na and (2) an abrupt increase in concentration of Na before each of two consecutive M > 5 earthquakes which occurred in 2012 and 2013, both 76 km from Hafralækur. Based on a geochemical (major elements and stable isotopes), petrological, and mineralogical study of drill cuttings taken from an adjacent borehole, we are able to show that (1) the long‐term decrease in concentration of Si and Na was caused by constant volume replacement of labradorite by analcime coupled with precipitation of zeolites in vesicles and along fractures and (2) the abrupt increase of Na concentration before the first earthquake records a switchover to nonstoichiometric dissolution of analcime with preferential release of Na into groundwater. We attribute decay of the Na peaks, which followed and coincided with each earthquake to uptake of Na along fractured or porous boundaries between labradorite and analcime crystals. Possible causes of these Na peaks are an increase of reactive surface area caused by fracturing or a shift from chemical equilibrium caused by mixing between groundwater components. Both could have been triggered by preseismic dilation, which was also inferred in a previous study by Skelton et al. (2014). The mechanism behind preseismic dilation so far from the focus of an earthquake remains unknown.

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Earthquake chemical precursors in groundwater: a review

et al. 2018

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Determination of Elements in Thermal Springs for Monitoring Pre-Earthquake Activites by ICP-MS

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Coupling between mineral reactions, chemical changes in groundwater, and earthquakes in Iceland

Earthquake chemical precursors in groundwater: a review

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