Determination of enantiomeric amino acids with high-performance liquid chromatography and pre-column derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-isobutyrylcysteine in seawater and fossil samples (mollusks)

Fitznar, H. P.; Lobbes, J. M.; Kattner, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01000-0

Cited by 138 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The D and L enantiomers of individual amino acids (DLaspartic acid, DL-glutamic acid, L-serine, L-threonine, glycine, L-arginine, DL-alanine, ␥ amino butyric acid, L-tyrosine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine) were determined by HPLC and precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-isobutyrylcystein after hydrolysis following the procedure described by Fitznar et al (1999). In this study, we employed two derivatizing agents (n-isobutyryl-L-cysteine and n-isobutyryl-D-cysteine) to determine D and L amino acids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages among the bioreactivity, chemical composition, and diagenetic state of marine dissolved organic matter

Amon

Fitznar

Benner

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

380

294

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Bacterial growth and the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were followed during a 10-d decomposition experiment with fresh, algal-derived DOM from an Arctic ice floe. During the experiment ϳ30% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was used by bacteria, indicating the highly reactive nature of this fresh DOM. Over half of the DOC consumption was accounted for as losses of combined neutral sugars and amino acids. The initial composition of the DOM was characterized by high neutral sugar (14% DOC) and amino acid (7.4% DOC) yields and the dominance of glucose (ϳ75 mol%) and glutamic acid (ϳ25 mol%). During microbial degradation the neutral sugar and amino acid yields decreased, and the molecular composition of the DOM became more uniform. The relatively constant abundance of D amino acids and the dramatic changes in the neutral sugar and amino acid compositions indicated that bacteria were important in shaping the chemical composition of marine DOM by selectively removing bioreactive components and by leaving behind biorefractory components. Based on principal component analysis and other parameters, neutral sugars and amino acids were found to be excellent indicators of the diagenetic state and bioavailability of marine DOM.The interactions between bacteria and marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), one of the largest active reservoirs of organic carbon, play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Our understanding of the origin, composition, and reactivity of DOM in the ocean is still very limited. The majority of marine DOM has not been characterized on a molecular level, is very resistant to degradation, and appears to be of low molecular weight (Benner et al. 1992;Ogawa and Ogura 1992;Amon and Benner 1994). In order to account for the low molecular weight, low bioavailability, and uncharacterized nature of DOM, Amon and Benner (1996) proposed the size-reactivity continuum model. This conceptual model links the physical size of organic matter to its diagenetic state, suggesting a decrease in size with increasing diagenesis and chemical alteration. The model provides a framework for interpreting diagenetic alterations but it does not explain the mechanism for the production of biorefractory low molecular weight DOM. The concept of a diage-1 Corresponding author (ramon@awi-bremerhaven.de). AcknowledgmentsWe thank the captain, scientists and crew of the RV Polarstern for their professional assistance during the cruise ARK XIII/3. The help by I. Bussmann, R. Engbrodt, and A. Terbrüggen during the recovery of the ice floe is highly acknowledged. Special thanks go to B. Rost for his help with the experiment on board and the measurement of bacterial leucine incorporation, K. Kaiser for his crucial help with the neutral sugar analysis, and E. Helmke and J. Jürgens for the bacteria cultures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages among the bioreactivity, chemical composition, and diagenetic state of marine dissolved organic matter

Amon

Fitznar

Benner

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

380

294

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“…DON was determined by wet oxidation with potassium persulfate (Koroleff 1983). Total dissolved and particulate amino acids (TDAA and PAA) were quantified after hydrolysis (in 16% HCl at 110ЊC for 24 h in the presence of 55 mol L Ϫ1 ascorbic acid; Fitznar et al 1999). The concentrations of glycine and the D-and L-enantiomers of the individual amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, arginine, alanine, ␥-amino butyric acid, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and leucine were determined in the hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence-detection after precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-isobutyrylcysteine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for terrigenous dissolved organic nitrogen in the Arctic deep sea

Dittmar

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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To trace the fate of terrigenous dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the Arctic Ocean, principal-components analyses (PCA) was used on a data set of 13 amino acids released via hydrolyses from a total of 110 water samples from Russian rivers, adjacent near-shore locations, and the Laptev Sea. The first component of the PCA distinguished significantly between terrigenous DON from the rivers (1.2 Ϯ 0.1) and marine-derived DON in the deep central Arctic Ocean (Ϫ1.1 Ϯ 0.2). The significance of this distinction was validated with amino acid data from seawater and river samples from other regions. The second PCA component correlated significantly with the proportion of D-alanine, a tracer for microbial degradation. The percentage of terrigenous DON in the Arctic Ocean was assessed from the first PCA component. The model was calibrated using data from the rivers (100% terrigenous) and the deep central Arctic Ocean (ϳ0% terrigenous) as end members. Terrigenous DON accounted for 28 Ϯ 13% of the total DON on the Laptev Sea shelf, which is in good agreement with independent, lignin-based estimates. High proportions of terrigenous DON (up to 100%) were calculated for the continental slope down to 2,000 m depth and are probably due to downward convection of brine-enriched shelf waters. The model presented here provides the first direct evidence of terrigenous DON in the deep sea. The model may be directly applied to trace the fate of terrigenous DON in other terrestrially dominated marine environments.

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“…Our measurement of AA enantiomers followed the protocol of Fitznar et al (1999), a detailed description of which is provided by Zhu et al (2014). Briefly, GF/F filters were first freeze-dried and then hydrolyzed with HCl at 110 • C for 24 h. Following pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-isobutyryl-L/D cysteine (IBLC/IBDC), AA enantiomers were measured in hydrolyzates using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system (1200 series, Agilent, USA).…”

Section: Instrumental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. In the face of ongoing global warming and glacier retreat, the composition and flux of organic matter in glacierfjord systems are key variables for updating the carbon cycle and budget, whereas the role of Arctic valley glaciers seems unimportant when compared with the huge Greenland Ice Sheet. Our field observations of the glacier-fed Bayelva River, Svalbard, and the adjacent Kongsfjorden allowed us to determine the compositions of particulate organic matter from glacier to fjord and also to estimate the flux of organic carbon, both for the river and for Svalbard in general.Particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Bayelva River averaged 56 and 73 µM, respectively, in August, 2012. Amino acids (AAs) and phytoplankton carbon accounted for ∼ 10 % of the bulk POC in the Bayelva River, while AAs represented > 90 % of particulate nitrogen (PN) in fjord surface water, suggesting the strong in situ assimilation of organic matter. Bacteria accounted for 13 and 19 % of the POC in the Bayelva River and the Kongsfjorden, respectively, while values for PN were much higher (i.e., 36 % in Kongsfjorden).The total discharge from the Bayelva River in 2012 was 29 × 10 6 m 3 . Furthermore, we calculated the annual POC, DOC, and PN fluxes for the river as 20 ± 1.6 tons, 25 ± 5.6 tons, and 4.7 ± 0.75 tons, respectively. Using the POC content and DOC concentration data, we then estimated the annual POC and DOC fluxes for Svalbard glaciers. Although the estimated POC (0.056 ± 0.02 × 10 6 tons year −1 ) and DOC (0.02 ± 0.01 × 10 6 tons year −1 ) fluxes of Svalbard glaciers are small in amount, its discharge-weighted flux of DOC was over twice higher than other pan-Arctic glacier systems, suggesting its important role as a terrestrial DOC source.

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Determination of enantiomeric amino acids with high-performance liquid chromatography and pre-column derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-isobutyrylcysteine in seawater and fossil samples (mollusks)

Cited by 138 publications

References 21 publications

Linkages among the bioreactivity, chemical composition, and diagenetic state of marine dissolved organic matter

Linkages among the bioreactivity, chemical composition, and diagenetic state of marine dissolved organic matter

Evidence for terrigenous dissolved organic nitrogen in the Arctic deep sea

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

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