Determination of Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Urine Using Automated Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A fast methodology for the determination of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine using a fully automated microextraction by packed sorbent coupled to a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer is reported. Sample preparation requires simple hydrolysis, centrifugation, filtration, and dilution. The method does not require a derivatization step prior to analysis with gas chromatography and allows the measurement of up to three samples per hour after hydrolysis. Quantitation is carried out by a one-point standard addition allowing the determination of 6 analytes with good limits of detection (10.1–39.6 ng L−1 in water and 0.5–19.4 µg L−1 in urine), accuracy (88–110%) and precision (2.1–23.4% in water and 5.1–19.0% in urine) values. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of six urine samples (three from smoker and three from non-smoker subjects), finding significant differences between both types of samples. Results were similar to those found in the literature for similar samples, which proves the applicability of the methodology.

Non-carcinogenic and cumulative risk assessment of exposure of kitchen workers in restaurants and local residents in the vicinity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…A Gas Chromatography (GC) vial was filled with the supernatant. In order to quantify the PAH metabolites, 3 mL of this supernatant was injected into the GC–MS apparatus (Agilent, HP5-MS capillary column, 7890, USA) 22 , 23 . To adjust the concentrations of PAH metabolites, the creatinine (ng/g cr) was determined according to Jaffe’s spectrophotometric technique at the ultraviolet (500 nm) absorption spectrum 4 .…”