Determination of liquid-liquid equilibrium data for biodiesel containing ternary systems using near infrared technique

Abstract

This work is focused on the determination of liquid-liquid equilibrium data for systems containing methyl and ethyl fatty acid esters, water, glycerol and ethanol at temperatures of 303.15 K and 318.15 K using a near-infrared spectroscopy technique (NIR). The NIR method used in this investigation provided quite satisfactory results when compared to conventional analytical techniques and hence can be used as an advantageous tool to quantify the compounds involved in the liquid-liquid equilibrium systems: i) without previous preparation of the samples; ii) with less waste generation; iii) at low cost; and iv) via a nondestructive technique, as sample analyses are made directly, showing good reproducibility and reliability of the data. The NIR method was effective in the use of different temperatures for calibration and validation of the systems under study. Besides, it is shown that extrapolation with the technique may be possible, making LLE predictions feasible for other conditions not used in the calibration procedure.

Liquid–liquid equilibrium data and thermodynamic modeling for systems related to the production of ethyl esters of fatty acids from soybean soapstock acid oil

“…This information will be useful in the design of the purification stage, where the hot-water washing step can provide a low ethanol concentration in the biodiesel phase. Although many authors have produced LLE data for systems involving fatty acids, short chain alcohols, water and the corresponding esters [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]15,[23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32], our study presents a new set of experimental data regarding LLE obtained for mixtures containing fatty acids from soybean soapstock acid oil (FA-SSAO) and their corresponding esters (EE-SSAO). The experimental and theoretical thermodynamic data that we have obtained regarding mutual solubility and phase behavior of the reactants and products of the esterification reaction can be used in the modeling and optimization of a low-temperature enzyme-catalyzed esterification process.…”

“…Although various authors have obtained LLE data for systems related to biodiesel production [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], none of them have used a low-cost feedstock, such as fatty acids from soybean soapstock acid oil (FA-SSAO). The aim of the current work was therefore to provide LLE data for components involved in biodiesel production through esterification of FA-SSAO.…”

Efluentes de indústrias bioquímico-farmacêuticas: tratamento e redução da geração

“…As principais características físico-químicas do solvente a serem consideradas são: (LEE et al, 2010;MESQUITA et al, 2011;MACHADO et al, 2011;ROMERO et al, 2012;MACHADO et al, 2012;BELL et al, 2013;MAZUTTI et al, 2013;BENETI et al, 2013;ARDILA et al, 2013). As características peculiares dos componentes do biodiesel, ou seja, longas cadeias alifáticas de 16 a 18 carbonos com um a das extremidades polar, confere baixa solubilidade em água e também afinidade por solutos polares dissolvidos em água, como, por ex., fenóis, álcoois, aldeídos e ácidos carboxílicos (HAMPE, 1986).…”