Determination of Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Paraffin Wax and Sodium Chloride as Tissue Equivalent Materials

Amin, Noorfatin Aida Baharul; Kabir, Norlaili A.; Zainon, Rafidah

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7859-0_7

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Specifically, rodent blood vessels can be formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded for both laboratory and synchrotron-based µCT sources without the need for X-ray contrast agents, achieving isotropic voxel sizes between 0.7 and 20 µm, depending on sample size and field of view [ 70 , 91 , 95 , 96 ]. The similar X-ray absorption coefficient of paraffin wax and biological tissue [ 118 ] can lead to small differences in the absorption contrast between the two materials, especially when a large amount of wax surrounds a small sample. However, this limitation can be overcome by manually trimming paraffin wax-embedded tissue blocks [ 91 ].…”

Section: Micro-ct Sample Preparation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography: An Emerging Technology to Analyze Vascular Calcification in Animal Models

Borland

Ashton

Francis

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Vascular calcification describes the formation of mineralized tissue within the blood vessel wall, and it is highly associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In this article, we briefly review different rodent models used to study vascular calcification in vivo, and critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current techniques used to analyze and quantify calcification in these models, namely 2-D histology and the o-cresolphthalein assay. In light of this, we examine X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) as an emerging complementary tool for the analysis of vascular calcification in animal models. We demonstrate that this non-destructive technique allows us to simultaneously quantify and localize calcification in an intact vessel in 3-D, and we consider recent advances in µCT sample preparation techniques. This review also discusses the potential to combine 3-D µCT analyses with subsequent 2-D histological, immunohistochemical, and proteomic approaches in correlative microscopy workflows to obtain rich, multifaceted information on calcification volume, calcification load, and signaling mechanisms from within the same arterial segment. In conclusion we briefly discuss the potential use of µCT to visualize and measure vascular calcification in vivo in real-time.

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